Plastics Industry Glossary

Your complete guide to 534 plastics industry terms — from materials and fabrication to certifications and applications
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Plastic Materials (Generic / Chemical)

The core polymer families used across plastics distribution and fabrication. Understanding these materials is the first step to selecting the right plastic for your project.

ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
ABS is a rigid, impact-resistant thermoplastic widely used for machine housings, automotive trim, protective cases, and consumer products. It offers good toughness and machinability at a relatively low cost, making it one of the most popular engineering-grade plastics. Available in standard, flame-retardant (FR), and marine grades. Featured
Acetal Polyoxymethylene / POM
Acetal is a stiff, low-friction engineering thermoplastic prized for precision-machined parts like gears, bearings, bushings, and rollers. It comes in two types: homopolymer (sold as Delrin) delivers higher strength and stiffness, while copolymer offers better chemical resistance and dimensional stability. Acetal is often the first material engineers consider for mechanical components. Featured
Acrylic PMMA / Polymethyl Methacrylate
Acrylic is a transparent thermoplastic with the highest optical clarity of any plastic — 92% light transmission, surpassing even glass. It offers excellent weather resistance, UV stability, and scratch resistance, making it the material of choice for signage, displays, glazing, and lighting applications. Available as cast (better for machining and laser cutting) or extruded (lower cost, tighter thickness tolerance) in thicknesses from thin film to 4"+ slabs. Featured
ASA Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate
ASA is a weather-resistant thermoplastic similar to ABS but with superior UV stability and outdoor durability. It resists yellowing, chalking, and loss of gloss from prolonged sun exposure, making it ideal for outdoor signage, automotive exterior trim, and building products where long-term appearance matters. Industry
Cellulose Acetate
Cellulose acetate is a semi-synthetic thermoplastic made from wood pulp or cotton. It is valued for its natural feel, hypoallergenic properties, and optical clarity, making it the primary material for premium eyeglass frames, tool handles, and packaging film. Industry
Copolyester
Copolyester is a family of transparent, tough thermoplastics produced by modifying standard PET with additional monomers. The result is a material with excellent clarity, impact resistance, and chemical resistance — without the brittleness of acrylic. Common grades include PETG, Tritan, and Eastar, used in food containers, medical packaging, and POP displays. Industry
CPVC Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
A PVC variant with higher chlorine content, giving it superior temperature resistance (up to 200F) and chemical resistance. Used in hot water piping, chemical processing, and industrial fluid handling. Industry
DAP Diallyl Phthalate
DAP is a thermoset molding compound prized for its excellent dimensional stability, high insulation resistance, and resistance to moisture and chemicals. It maintains electrical properties under harsh conditions, making it the standard material for military and aerospace electrical connectors, terminal boards, and high-reliability electronic components. Industry
ECTFE Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene
A fluoropolymer with outstanding chemical resistance, particularly against acids and solvents. Used in chemical tank linings and semiconductor equipment. Trade name: Halar. Industry
Epoxy
Epoxy is a thermoset polymer system formed by mixing a resin with a hardener, triggering an irreversible chemical reaction that produces a rigid, chemically resistant, dimensionally stable material. Epoxies are used as adhesives, coatings, potting compounds, tooling materials, and as the matrix resin in high-performance composites (carbon fiber, fiberglass). Once cured, epoxy cannot be remelted. Industry
ETFE Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene
A tough, lightweight fluoropolymer film/sheet used in architectural glazing (e.g., stadium roofs), wire insulation, and chemical processing. Better mechanical properties than PTFE. Trade name: Tefzel. Industry
ETPU Expanded Thermoplastic Polyurethane
ETPU is a lightweight, resilient foam material made from expanded TPU beads. It combines the elasticity of TPU with a closed-cell foam structure, offering excellent energy return, cushioning, and durability. ETPU is used in athletic shoe midsoles, protective packaging, and vibration dampening components. Industry
EVA Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
EVA is a flexible, tough copolymer known for its rubber-like softness, clarity, and low-temperature toughness. It is widely used for foam padding, shoe soles, solar panel encapsulants, packaging film, and hot-melt adhesives. Industry
FEP Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene
A melt-processable fluoropolymer similar to PTFE but with lower maximum temperature. Excellent non-stick and chemical resistance properties. Used in tubing, wire insulation, and linings. Industry
FRP Fiber Reinforced Plastic
A composite material made of polymer resin reinforced with glass, carbon, or aramid fibers. Offers high strength-to-weight ratio. Used in structural panels, gratings, tanks, and corrosion-resistant enclosures. Featured
G-10 / FR-4
Glass-fabric reinforced epoxy laminate grades. G-10 is the standard grade; FR-4 adds flame retardance. Exceptional electrical insulation, mechanical strength, and dimensional stability. Used in circuit boards, electrical panels, and structural supports. Featured
HDPE High Density Polyethylene
HDPE is a tough, chemical-resistant polyethylene used across dozens of industries for cutting boards, tanks, marine board, playground equipment, and chemical containment. It resists moisture, chemicals, and UV degradation while remaining easy to fabricate. Available in sheet, rod, and marine-grade board (such as King StarBoard) in standard, UV-stabilized, and FDA-compliant grades. Featured
HIPS High Impact Polystyrene
A low-cost, easy-to-fabricate thermoplastic used for signage, packaging, prototyping, and thermoformed parts. Impact-modified version of standard polystyrene. Industry
Hydlar Z Kevlar-Filled Nylon
A Kevlar-reinforced nylon composite offering exceptional wear resistance, impact strength, and thermal stability. Used in demanding mechanical applications where standard nylon is insufficient. Plastic-Craft
Ionomer Surlyn
Ionomer is a thermoplastic resin with ionic bonds that give it exceptional clarity, toughness, and puncture resistance. The most recognized brand is Surlyn by DuPont. Ionomers are used for golf ball covers, food packaging, cosmetic bottle caps, and protective laminations where toughness and aesthetics are paramount. Industry
LCP Liquid Crystal Polymer
A high-performance thermoplastic with exceptional flow in thin walls, chemical resistance, and heat resistance. Used in miniature electrical connectors and precision parts requiring tight tolerances. Industry
LDPE Low Density Polyethylene
A flexible, chemical-resistant polyethylene with lower strength and stiffness than HDPE. Used in squeeze bottles, flexible tubing, and packaging films. Industry
LLDPE Linear Low-Density Polyethylene
LLDPE is a flexible, tough polyethylene with higher tensile strength and puncture resistance than conventional LDPE. Its linear molecular structure with short branches gives it excellent stretch and cling properties. LLDPE dominates stretch wrap, agricultural film, and flexible packaging markets. Industry
Melamine
Melamine is a thermoset plastic known for its extreme surface hardness, heat resistance, and flame retardancy. It is widely used in laminate surfaces (countertops, furniture), dinnerware, decorative panels, and electrical components. Melamine-formaldehyde resin is also used as a binding agent in wood-based panels. Industry
Nylon Polyamide / PA
Nylon is one of the most versatile engineering thermoplastics, valued for its excellent wear resistance, toughness, and low friction. Key types include Nylon 6 (cast, easy to machine), Nylon 6/6 (extruded, higher heat resistance), and specialty filled grades (MoS2 for lubricity, glass for strength, oil for self-lubrication). Commonly used for gears, bearings, wear strips, rollers, and structural components across virtually every industry. Featured
Nylon 12 Polyamide 12 / PA12
Nylon 12 is a semi-crystalline polyamide with the lowest moisture absorption of all nylons, excellent chemical resistance, and superior flexibility at low temperatures. It is commonly used for fuel lines, pneumatic tubing, cable jacketing, and 3D-printed functional parts (SLS/MJF). Industry
Nylon 6 Polyamide 6 / PA6
Nylon 6 is a versatile semi-crystalline thermoplastic with good mechanical strength, toughness, and wear resistance. Compared to Nylon 6/6, it offers better impact resistance and is easier to process. Common applications include gears, bearings, bushings, cable ties, and automotive engine covers. Featured
Nylon 6/6 Polyamide 66 / PA66
nylon-6" class="term-link">Nylon 6/6 is a semi-crystalline engineering thermoplastic with higher melting point and stiffness than Nylon 6. It excels in applications requiring high heat resistance, tensile strength, and rigidity — including under-hood automotive parts, electrical connectors, and structural mechanical components. Featured
PAI Polyamide-imide
One of the highest-performing melt-processable thermoplastics. Exceptional strength, stiffness, and wear resistance at elevated temperatures (up to 500F+). Used in aerospace bearings, seals, and semiconductor fixtures. Trade name: Torlon. Featured
PARA Polyarylamide
PARA is a high-performance semi-crystalline thermoplastic offering exceptional stiffness, low creep, and excellent chemical resistance at elevated temperatures. It is used in structural automotive components, oil and gas equipment, and precision mechanical parts where metal replacement is the goal. Industry
PBI Polybenzimidazole
The highest heat-resistant unfilled thermoplastic available, with continuous service temperatures exceeding 600F. Used in extreme aerospace and semiconductor applications. Trade name: Celazole. Industry
PBT Polybutylene Terephthalate
A semi-crystalline engineering thermoplastic with good electrical properties, chemical resistance, and dimensional stability. Used in electrical connectors, automotive components, and housings. Industry
PC/ABS Polycarbonate / ABS Blend
PC/ABS is an engineered blend combining polycarbonate's impact strength and heat resistance with ABS's processability and cost efficiency. This alloy is widely used in automotive interiors, laptop housings, phone cases, and medical device enclosures where a balance of toughness, appearance, and affordability is needed. Featured
PCT Polycyclohexylene Dimethylene Terephthalate
PCT is a semi-crystalline polyester with excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, and dimensional stability. It withstands reflow soldering temperatures, making it ideal for SMT electrical connectors, LED housings, and high-temperature packaging. Industry
PCTFE Polychlorotrifluoroethylene
A fluoropolymer with the lowest moisture absorption of any plastic and excellent cryogenic properties. Used in aerospace seals, valve seats, and cryogenic applications. Trade name: KEL-F. Industry
PEEK Polyether Ether Ketone
PEEK is one of the highest-performing thermoplastics available, offering exceptional strength, stiffness, and chemical resistance at continuous temperatures up to 480°F. It is also biocompatible, making it one of the few plastics approved for human implants. Used in aerospace structural components, medical devices, semiconductor fixtures, and oil and gas downhole equipment. Available in virgin, glass-filled, and carbon-filled grades. Featured
PEEK-HT High-Temperature PEEK
PEEK-HT is an advanced grade of PEEK engineered for continuous service at temperatures up to 260°C (500°F) — approximately 20°C higher than standard PEEK. It maintains exceptional mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and dimensional stability under extreme thermal loads, making it critical for oil and gas downhole tools, aerospace engine components, and ultra-high-temperature sealing applications. Featured
PEI Polyetherimide
An amorphous high-performance thermoplastic with excellent strength, heat resistance (340F continuous), and electrical properties. Inherently flame retardant (UL 94 V-0). Used in aerospace, medical, and electronics. Trade name: Ultem. Featured
PEK Polyetherketone
PEK is a semi-crystalline high-performance thermoplastic in the PAEK family with a higher glass transition temperature and melting point than PEEK. It offers exceptional strength, stiffness, and chemical resistance at temperatures up to 260°C continuous service. PEK is used in the most demanding aerospace, oil and gas, and automotive applications. Industry
PEKK Polyetherketoneketone
PEKK is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic in the PAEK (polyaryletherketone) family, offering high-temperature performance similar to PEEK but with a wider processing window that makes it especially well-suited for 3D printing (FDM and SLS). PEKK provides excellent chemical resistance, mechanical strength, and flame retardancy for aerospace and defense applications. Industry
PES Polyethersulfone
A high-temperature amorphous thermoplastic with excellent dimensional stability and chemical resistance. Used in medical devices, food processing, and electronics. Industry
PET / PETG Polyethylene Terephthalate (Glycol-modified)
PET is a strong, clear polyester used in food packaging and machine components. PETG is a glycol-modified variant offering easier thermoforming, better impact resistance, and no stress whitening. Used for displays, face shields, and food contact applications. Featured
PEX Cross-linked Polyethylene / XLPE
PEX is a form of polyethylene with cross-linked molecular bonds that dramatically improve its heat resistance, pressure rating, and chemical resistance over standard PE. It is the dominant material for residential plumbing, radiant floor heating, and hydronic systems. Industry
PFA Perfluoroalkoxy
A melt-processable fluoropolymer combining PTFE-like properties with the ability to be injection molded. Excellent chemical resistance and non-stick. Used in semiconductor wafer carriers and chemical processing. Industry
Phenolic Phenol Formaldehyde Resin
A thermoset laminate material with excellent electrical insulation and heat resistance. Available in paper (LE grade), canvas (CE grade), and glass (G-10/FR-4) reinforcements. Used in electrical panels, gears, and structural supports. Featured
PI Polyimide
An ultra-high-temperature polymer used in aerospace and semiconductor applications. Available as machined shapes (Vespel) and thin films (Kapton). Continuous service temperature of 550F+. Industry
PLA Polylactic Acid
PLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources like cornstarch or sugarcane. It is the most widely used bioplastic, popular in 3D printing filament, disposable food containers, and packaging. While eco-friendly, PLA has lower heat resistance and impact strength than petroleum-based alternatives. Industry
Polycarbonate PC
Polycarbonate is a virtually unbreakable transparent thermoplastic with an impact strength 250 times greater than glass. It is the material of choice for machine guards, bullet-resistant glazing, safety shields, and architectural panels where both visibility and protection are required. Available in general-purpose, sign-grade, food-grade, optical-grade, and bullet-resistant grades. Common trade names include Lexan, TUFFAK, and Makrolon. Featured
Polyester (Thermoset) Unsaturated Polyester Resin / UPR
Thermoset polyester is a liquid resin that cures into a rigid, chemically resistant solid when mixed with a catalyst. It is the most widely used matrix resin in fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) composites — found in boat hulls, bathtubs, automotive body panels, storage tanks, and building panels. It offers good performance at a lower cost than epoxy or vinyl-ester" class="term-link">vinyl ester. Industry
Polyethylene PE
A family of lightweight, chemical-resistant thermoplastics. Includes HDPE, LDPE, UHMW-PE, and cross-linked (XLPE) variants. The most widely produced plastic globally. Used in tanks, cutting boards, packaging, and chemical containment. Featured
Polymer
A polymer is a large molecule made up of repeating structural units (monomers) linked together in long chains. All plastics are polymers, but not all polymers are plastics — natural rubber, cellulose, and proteins are also polymers. In the plastics industry, "polymer" and "resin" are often used interchangeably to describe the base chemical material before it is processed into a finished product. Featured
Polypropylene PP
A lightweight thermoplastic with excellent chemical resistance and fatigue strength. Available in homopolymer and copolymer grades. Used in tanks, ductwork, and chemical processing equipment. Fluted polypropylene (Coroplast) is used for signs and packaging. Featured
Polystyrene PS
A rigid, clear, low-cost thermoplastic used for display, packaging, and light-duty applications. High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) adds rubber for improved toughness. Featured
Polysulfone PSU
A high-temperature, transparent thermoplastic with excellent hydrolytic stability (can withstand repeated steam sterilization). Used in medical devices, food processing, and chemical equipment. Trade name: Udel. Industry
Polyurethane PU / PUR
A versatile polymer available in rigid and flexible forms. Used for bumpers, rollers, gaskets, casting compounds, and vibration dampening. Excellent abrasion and tear resistance. Featured
PPA Polyphthalamide
PPA is a semi-aromatic nylon offering significantly higher heat resistance, stiffness, and chemical resistance than standard nylon 6 or 6/6. It withstands continuous temperatures above 150°C and is used in under-hood automotive components, LED reflectors, and industrial connectors where standard nylons fall short. Industry
PPO Polyphenylene Oxide
PPO is an amorphous engineering thermoplastic with excellent dimensional stability, low moisture absorption, and good electrical insulating properties. It is typically blended with polystyrene (as modified PPO or mPPO) to improve processability. Applications include electrical connectors, pump components, and water distribution systems. Industry
PPS Polyphenylene Sulfide
A semi-crystalline high-performance thermoplastic with excellent chemical resistance, dimensional stability, and inherent flame retardance. Used in chemical processing, semiconductor, and automotive. Trade name: Techtron, Ryton. Industry
PPSU Polyphenylsulfone
The toughest sulfone polymer with outstanding impact resistance, chemical resistance, and steam sterilizability. Used in reusable medical instruments and aerospace interiors. Trade name: Radel. Industry
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
PTFE — best known by its trade name Teflon — is the most chemically inert and lowest-friction plastic in existence. Its non-stick surface and extraordinary temperature range (-450°F to +500°F) make it indispensable for seals, gaskets, bearings, and chemical processing equipment. Available in virgin (highest purity), glass-filled (improved creep resistance), carbon-filled (better wear), and bronze-filled (higher load capacity) grades. Featured
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
PVC is one of the most widely used and cost-effective thermoplastics in the world. Rigid PVC (Type 1) offers good chemical resistance and strength for chemical tanks, ductwork, and piping. Expanded (foamed) PVC (sold as Celtec or Sintra) is lightweight and popular for signage and displays. Flexible PVC is used for strip doors, curtains, and protective coverings. Its versatility makes it a staple across construction, chemical processing, and sign-making industries. Featured
PVDF Polyvinylidene Fluoride
A tough fluoropolymer with excellent chemical resistance, especially to solvents, acids, and hydrocarbons. Used in chemical processing, semiconductor, and pharmaceutical piping and tanks. Trade name: Kynar. Industry
Resin
Resin is the raw polymer material — typically in pellet, powder, or liquid form — that serves as the starting point for all plastic products. Resin is melted, extruded, molded, or cast into stock shapes and finished parts. The term "resin" is used interchangeably with "polymer" in commercial contexts, though technically resin refers to the processable form of the polymer. Featured
Rexolite Cross-Linked Polystyrene
A thermoset cross-linked polystyrene with outstanding dielectric properties and dimensional stability. Used in microwave components, radar, and high-frequency electrical applications. Plastic-Craft
SAN Styrene Acrylonitrile
SAN is a transparent, rigid thermoplastic with better chemical resistance and higher heat tolerance than standard polystyrene. It is commonly used for cosmetic packaging, kitchenware, medical devices, and instrument lenses where clarity and stiffness are required. Industry
Silicone
Silicone is a flexible, heat-resistant polymer based on silicon-oxygen chains rather than carbon. It maintains its properties across an extremely wide temperature range (-60°C to 230°C+), making it essential for gaskets, seals, medical tubing, bakeware, and high-temperature electrical insulation. Silicone is not technically a thermoplastic but is widely used alongside engineering plastics. Industry
TPE Thermoplastic Elastomer
TPE is a family of rubber-like materials that can be processed like thermoplastics — melted, extruded, and injection molded — then cooled to form flexible, elastic parts. TPEs are used for soft-touch grips, seals, gaskets, and overmolded components where flexibility and processability are both required. Industry
TPU Thermoplastic Polyurethane
TPU is a flexible, abrasion-resistant thermoplastic elastomer that bridges the gap between rubber and rigid plastic. It offers excellent wear resistance, oil resistance, and elasticity, making it popular for conveyor belts, seals, gaskets, protective cases, and tubing in demanding environments. Industry
UHMW-PE Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene
UHMW is the toughest, most abrasion-resistant polyethylene available — and one of the most widely used industrial plastics. Its combination of outstanding wear resistance, low friction, impact strength, and chemical resistance makes it ideal for conveyor components, wear strips, dock fenders, chute liners, and food-processing guides. Available in standard, FDA-compliant, and specialty grades including reprocessable, metal-detectable, and X-ray-detectable. Trade name: TIVAR. Featured
Vinyl Flexible PVC
Plasticized PVC sheeting used for strip doors, curtains, gaskets, and protective coverings. Available in clear, colored, anti-static, and welding-grade variants. Featured
Vinyl Ester
Vinyl ester is a thermoset resin that combines the chemical resistance of epoxy with the processability of polyester. It is the resin of choice for FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic) tanks, pipes, scrubbers, and linings in aggressive chemical environments — offering significantly better corrosion resistance than standard polyester resin at moderate additional cost. Industry
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Trade Names and Brand Names

Trade names are the branded versions of generic polymers — like Delrin (acetal), Lexan (polycarbonate), and Teflon (PTFE). Many buyers search by brand name rather than generic name, so knowing both is essential for sourcing the right material.

Acetal Copolymer Celcon / Hostaform / Ultraform
Acetal copolymer is the copolymer version of polyoxymethylene (POM), available under trade names Celcon (Celanese), Hostaform (Celanese), and Ultraform (BASF). Compared to homopolymer acetal (Delrin), copolymer offers better chemical resistance, lower centerline porosity, and improved dimensional stability — preferred for fluid-handling and FDA applications. Featured
Acetron Mitsubishi Chemical Acetal
Acetron is Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials' brand of acetal stock shapes. Acetron GP is the standard homopolymer grade, while Acetron AF (ptfe-filled" class="term-link">PTFE-filled) and Acetron MD (metal-detectable) serve specialty applications. Acetron is one of the most commonly specified acetal brand names in North American plastics distribution. Industry
Acrylite
Evonik's brand of acrylic sheet. Sub-brands include Acrylite GP (general purpose), Gallery OP-3 (UV-filtering for framing), Gallery P99 (non-glare), HeatStop, LED, SoundStop, and Solar grades. Industry
AMGARD
An antimicrobial acrylic sheet with embedded silver-ion technology that inhibits bacterial growth on the surface. Used in medical and food processing environments. Industry
Boltaron
A family of PVC, PVC-alloy, and CPVC thermoplastic sheets designed for thermoforming. Available in fire-rated, ultra-high impact, corrosion-resistant, and economy grades. Used in aircraft interiors and industrial applications. Industry
Celazole PBI
The brand name for polybenzimidazole, the highest heat-resistant unfilled thermoplastic. Continuous service above 600F. Used in semiconductor plasma etch chambers and extreme-environment seals. Industry
Celtec
A brand of expanded (foamed) PVC sheet. Lightweight, moisture-resistant, and easy to fabricate. Used in signage, displays, and architectural applications. Industry
Coroplast
Fluted/corrugated polypropylene sheet. Lightweight, waterproof, and reusable. Commonly used for yard signs, packaging, and temporary protection. Industry
Delrin DuPont Acetal Homopolymer
Delrin is DuPont's brand name for acetal homopolymer — one of the most widely searched trade names in the plastics industry. It offers higher mechanical strength and stiffness than copolymer acetal, making it the preferred choice for precision-machined gears, bearings, and mechanical components. Key variants include standard Delrin, AF Blend (ptfe-filled" class="term-link">PTFE-filled for lower friction), colored grades, and high-viscosity grades like Delrin 150 and 570 for specific machining applications. Featured
Duratron
Ensinger's brand of high-performance polymers. Includes Duratron D (polyimide), Duratron T (PAI/Torlon equivalent), and Duratron U (PEI/Ultem equivalent). Industry
Ensinger TECAPEEK Ensinger PEEK
TECAPEEK is Ensinger's brand of PEEK stock shapes (rod, sheet, tube) available in natural, carbon-filled, glass-filled, and bearing grades. Ensinger offers one of the broadest PEEK product lines in the industry, serving aerospace, medical, and semiconductor markets. Industry
Ertacetal Mitsubishi Chemical Acetal Copolymer
Ertacetal is Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials' brand of acetal-copolymer" class="term-link">acetal copolymer (POM-C) stock shapes. It offers better chemical resistance and lower centerline porosity than homopolymer acetal, making it preferred for fluid-handling components, FDA-compliant parts, and precision-machined items requiring tight dimensional tolerances. Industry
Ertalon Mitsubishi Chemical Nylon
Ertalon is Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials' brand of nylon (polyamide) stock shapes. The product line includes Ertalon 6 SA (cast nylon 6), Ertalon 66 SA (nylon 6/6), and Ertalon LFX (internally lubricated). Ertalon nylons are widely used for bearings, gears, wear pads, and structural mechanical components. Industry
Ertalyte PET-P
Ensinger's brand of PET-P (polyester). Good dimensional stability, chemical resistance, and machinability. Used as an alternative to acetal and nylon in precision components. Industry
Fluorosint
A family of filled PTFE materials (mica, ceramic, and polymer fills) offering improved creep resistance, wear resistance, and dimensional stability vs. virgin PTFE. Used in seals, bearings, and semiconductor components. Industry
Garolite G-10 / FR-4 Laminate
Garolite is one of the most widely recognized trade names for glass-epoxy laminate sheets, commonly used interchangeably with G-10 and FR-4 designations. It is a high-strength, electrically insulating composite used for PCB substrates, electrical standoffs, structural panels, and knife handle scales. "Garolite G-10" is one of the highest-volume search terms in the plastics industry. Featured
Halar ECTFE
Solvay's brand of ECTFE fluoropolymer. Exceptional chemical resistance, particularly to chlorine-based chemicals. Used in chemical processing tank linings and semiconductor wet bench equipment. Industry
Hydex
A polymer alloy with chemical resistance similar to PET-P but with improved impact strength. Commonly used in food processing applications where FDA compliance is required. Industry
HYGARD BR / CG
SABIC's brand of bullet-resistant (BR) and containment-grade (CG) polycarbonate sheet. Multi-layer laminated product designed for security glazing applications. Industry
Hyzod Sheffield / Plaskolite Polycarbonate
Hyzod is a brand of polycarbonate sheet known for its exceptional impact resistance and optical clarity. It is commonly specified for security glazing, machine guards, face shields, and architectural panels where both visibility and protection are required. Industry
Kapton
DuPont's brand of polyimide film. Retains properties from -452F to 752F. Used in flexible circuits, wire insulation, aerospace, and semiconductor. Available in multiple thicknesses. Industry
Ketron PEEK
Ensinger's brand of PEEK stock shapes. Available in standard, glass-filled, carbon-filled, and bearing-grade (HPV) versions. Used for machined components in aerospace, medical, and semiconductor. Industry
King StarBoard Marine-Grade HDPE
A brand of marine-grade HDPE sheet with UV stabilizers. Does not absorb water, rot, or splinter. Used for boat components, dock surfaces, and outdoor furniture. Sub-brands include ColorBoard and ColorCore. Industry
Kydex
A thermoplastic alloy (acrylic/PVC) sheet designed for thermoforming. Available in 14+ grades including standard, high-impact, fire-rated, and wood-grain. Used in aircraft interiors, holsters, medical carts, and kiosks. Industry
Kynar PVDF
Arkema's brand of PVDF. Outstanding chemical resistance to solvents, acids, and bases. Used in chemical processing piping, semiconductor equipment, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Industry
Lexan Polycarbonate
Lexan is SABIC's brand of polycarbonate sheet and one of the most recognized trade names in the plastics industry — many buyers use "Lexan" interchangeably with "polycarbonate." Lexan offers exceptional impact resistance (250x glass), optical clarity, and heat resistance. Available in GP (general purpose), SL (sign grade for illuminated signage), and specialty grades including food-grade and bullet-resistant options. Featured
Lucite Acrylic / PMMA
Lucite is one of the original and most recognized trade names for acrylic (PMMA), introduced by DuPont in 1937. Though now owned by Mitsubishi Chemical, the name "Lucite" remains widely searched and used colloquially to mean any clear acrylic sheet — similar to how "Plexiglass" is used generically. Industry
Macor
Corning's brand of machinable glass-ceramic. Can be machined with standard metalworking tools. Used as an electrical insulator and thermal insulator in extreme environments. Not technically a plastic but stocked by some distributors. Industry
Makrolon Covestro polycarbonate
Makrolon is Covestro's brand name for polycarbonate sheet and film. It offers high impact strength, optical clarity, and UV resistance. Makrolon is widely specified in automotive glazing, LED lighting covers, security glazing, and electronic display covers. Industry
Meldin Saint-Gobain polyimide
Meldin is Saint-Gobain's brand of thermoset polyimide parts and stock shapes. It offers extreme heat resistance (up to 315°C continuous), low outgassing, and exceptional wear properties. Meldin is specified in aerospace bearings, semiconductor wafer handling, and high-vacuum applications. Industry
Noryl Modified PPO
SABIC's brand of modified polyphenylene oxide. Excellent dimensional stability, low moisture absorption, and good electrical properties. Used in electrical/electronic housings and plumbing fixtures. Featured
Nycast Cast Nylon
Nycast is a well-known brand of cast nylon-6" class="term-link">nylon 6 stock shapes. Cast nylon offers superior mechanical properties (higher strength, stiffness, and wear resistance) compared to extruded nylon because the casting process produces a higher-crystallinity, more uniform molecular structure. Nycast is commonly specified for gears, bearings, sheaves, and structural components. Industry
Nylatron
Ensinger's brand of filled nylon. Variants include MoS2-filled (GSM), glass-filled (GS), and oil-filled. Each fill addresses a specific weakness: GSM reduces friction, GS increases strength, oil-filled improves self-lubrication. Industry
Optix Plaskolite acrylic
Optix is Plaskolite's brand of cell-cast and extruded acrylic sheet. It offers optical-grade clarity, UV resistance, and easy fabrication. Optix acrylic is used in signage, displays, glazing, and lighting applications. Industry
Plexiglas / Plexiglass
Plexiglas is the Rohm and Haas brand name for acrylic sheet — and "Plexiglass" (with a double-s) has become the generic term most consumers use when searching for clear plastic sheet. Whether you call it Plexiglas, Plexiglass, or acrylic, it is the same material: a transparent thermoplastic with 92% light transmission, excellent weatherability, and easy machinability. It is one of the most searched terms in the plastics industry. Featured
Polystone Röchling HDPE/PP
Polystone is Röchling's brand name for HDPE and PP stock shapes, widely specified in chemical processing, water treatment, and food processing applications. The Polystone line includes standard, FDA-compliant, fire-retardant, and antistatic grades in sheet, rod, and welding rod forms. Industry
Quadrant EPP Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials
Quadrant EPP (now Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials) is one of the world's largest producers of semi-finished engineering plastic stock shapes. Their product lines include Ketron PEEK, Ertalyte PET-P, Nylatron nylons, and Duratron high-performance resins, serving virtually every industrial market. Industry
Radel PPSU
Solvay's brand of polyphenylsulfone. Outstanding toughness, chemical resistance, and steam sterilization capability. Used in reusable surgical instruments and aerospace components. Industry
Rowmark
A brand of specialty two-color engravable plastic sheet. Used for nameplates, signs, and identification tags. The top layer engraves away to reveal the contrasting base color. Industry
Rulon
A family of PTFE-based bearing and seal compounds from Saint-Gobain. Designed for low-friction, self-lubricating bearing applications in aerospace, semiconductor, and food processing. Industry
Sanalite
Sanalite is a brand of phenolic laminate sheets and tubes used in electrical insulation, structural, and bearing applications. Available in canvas, linen, and paper-reinforced grades, Sanalite products comply with NEMA and MIL-I standards. Industry
Semitron ESD Materials
Ensinger's brand of static dissipative (ESD-safe) engineering plastics. Used in semiconductor fabrication for wafer handling, test sockets, and clean room fixtures where electrostatic discharge must be controlled. Industry
Simona
Simona is a German manufacturer of thermoplastic sheets, rods, and welding rods with a strong presence in chemical processing, water treatment, and industrial tank lining. Their product range includes PP, PE, PVC, PVDF, and ECTFE in sheet, rod, and pipe form. Industry
Sintra Expanded PVC foam board
Sintra is a closed-cell expanded PVC sheet" class="term-link">foam sheet known for its smooth surface, light weight, and easy fabrication. It is the industry-standard substrate for interior signage, POP displays, exhibits, and dimensional lettering. Industry
Solef Solvay PVDF
Solef is Solvay's brand name for PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) resin and stock shapes. It is one of the most recognized PVDF brands globally, specified for chemical processing equipment, piping, tank linings, and semiconductor wet bench components where exceptional chemical resistance and purity are required. Industry
Sumipex Sumitomo acrylic
Sumipex is Sumitomo Chemical's brand of high-quality cast acrylic sheet. Known for excellent optical properties and cell-cast uniformity, Sumipex is used in premium optical, lighting, and architectural applications. Industry
Sustarin Röchling acetal
Sustarin is Röchling's brand name for acetal (POM) stock shapes. Available in homopolymer and copolymer grades, with FDA-compliant, metal-detectable, and bearing-grade options for food processing, conveyor, and mechanical applications. Industry
Symalit Röchling PP
Symalit is Röchling's brand for polypropylene sheets and fabricated parts, widely used in chemical tank lining, fume hoods, scrubbers, and wet benches. Symalit PP is valued for its excellent chemical resistance and weldability. Industry
Tecaform Ensinger acetal
Tecaform is Ensinger's brand of acetal stock shapes available in homopolymer (AH) and copolymer (AD) grades, plus FDA, metal-detectable, and antistatic versions. Ensinger's Tecaform line is one of the most comprehensive acetal offerings in the distribution market. Industry
Techtron Mitsubishi Chemical PPS
Techtron is the brand name for PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) stock shapes from Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials. It offers excellent chemical resistance, dimensional stability, and high-temperature performance, making it suitable for chemical processing equipment, semiconductor fixtures, and automotive under-hood components. Industry
Teflon PTFE
Teflon is the Chemours (formerly DuPont) brand name for PTFE — arguably the most recognized plastic trade name in the world. Teflon is used generically by buyers and engineers to refer to any PTFE product. Known for its non-stick surface, extreme chemical inertness, and the lowest friction of any solid material, Teflon/PTFE is used in seals, gaskets, bearings, cookware coatings, and chemical processing equipment. Featured
Tefzel ETFE
Chemours' brand of ETFE fluoropolymer. Better mechanical strength than PTFE with excellent chemical resistance. Used in wire/cable insulation and chemical processing. Industry
TIVAR UHMW-PE
Ensinger's brand of UHMW polyethylene. Variants include CleanStat (ESD), DrySlide (low friction), HPV (high PV), BioSafe (antimicrobial), and UV-resistant grades. Industry
Torlon PAI
Solvay's brand of polyamide-imide. The highest-strength melt-processable thermoplastic. Used in jet engine components, semiconductor fixtures, and high-load bearings. Featured
Tritan Eastman Tritan copolyester
Tritan is Eastman Chemical's BPA-free copolyester known for its glass-like clarity, toughness, and dishwasher durability. It does not retain odors or stains and resists chemical attack from cleaning agents. Tritan is the go-to material for reusable water bottles, food storage containers, and medical devices. Industry
TUFFAK Polycarbonate
Plaskolite's brand of polycarbonate sheet. Sub-grades include SL (sign grade), FD (food grade), OP (optical grade), HYGARD BR (bullet-resistant), and HYGARD CG (containment grade). Industry
Tuftane Saint-Gobain TPU film
Tuftane is Saint-Gobain's brand of TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) film and sheet. It offers outstanding abrasion resistance, flexibility, and clarity, and is used in inflatable structures, conveyor belts, medical bags, and protective laminations. Industry
Turcite
Trelleborg's PTFE-based wear strip material. Used as guide-way material on CNC machine tools and industrial equipment to reduce friction and improve precision. Industry
Ultem PEI
SABIC's brand of polyetherimide. High strength, heat resistance (340F continuous), inherent flame retardance, and excellent electrical properties. Used in aerospace structural components, medical devices, and electrical connectors. Featured
Vespel Polyimide
DuPont's brand of polyimide machined parts. SP-1 (unfilled) is the base grade. Exceptional thermal stability (550F+ continuous) with excellent wear and friction properties. Used in jet engine seals, semiconductor, and space applications. Featured
VESTAKEEP Implantable PEEK
Evonik's brand of medical/implantable PEEK. Biocompatible material used for spinal fusion cages, dental implants, and orthopedic devices. Meets ISO 10993 biocompatibility standards. Industry
Vivak Plaskolite PETG
Vivak is Plaskolite's brand of PETG sheet, offering high impact resistance, excellent thermoformability, and good chemical resistance. It is commonly used for POP displays, machine guards, medical device packaging, and face shields. Industry
ZELUX GS
A gamma-stabilized polycarbonate sheet that maintains clarity and mechanical properties after gamma sterilization. Used in medical device packaging and trays that undergo radiation sterilization. Industry
3

Product Forms and Shapes

Plastic materials are stocked and sold in standard product forms — sheets, rods, tubes, films, and more. Knowing the right form to order saves time, reduces waste, and ensures your fabricator or machine shop can work efficiently.

Angle L-Shape / L-Channel
Angle stock is an L-shaped plastic extrusion used for edge protection, structural bracing, trim, and framing. It is available in materials like PVC, polycarbonate, acrylic, and ABS in various leg lengths and thicknesses.
Billet Plug / Large-Diameter Round
A billet is a large-diameter solid cylinder or rectangular block of plastic, typically produced by compression molding or casting. Billets are used as starting stock for machining large components like pump housings, valve bodies, and structural brackets. Materials like PEEK, Torlon, and cast nylon are commonly available in billet form.
Block / Slab
Thick rectangular stock used as raw material for machining" class="term-link">CNC machining of large parts. Typically 2" thick or greater. Industry
Channel U-Channel / C-Channel
Channel stock is a U-shaped or C-shaped plastic extrusion used for edge trim, cable management, sign mounting, and track guides. Commonly available in PVC, acrylic, polycarbonate, and HDPE.
Cutting Board
HDPE sheet specifically manufactured and certified for food contact (NSF, FDA). Color-coded boards follow HACCP color-coding for cross-contamination prevention in commercial kitchens. Featured
Disc
Round flat pieces cut from sheet stock, defined by diameter and thickness. Used for gaskets, seals, viewing windows, and machining blanks. Featured
Fabricated Part Finished Component
A fabricated part is a finished plastic component produced by machining, thermoforming, bending, bonding, or assembling stock shapes to customer specifications. Distributors offering fabrication services add value by delivering ready-to-install parts rather than raw material. Plastic-Craft
Film
Very thin sheet material (typically under 0.030"). Used for packaging, overlaminates, surface protection, and specialty applications like Kapton film for electronics. Industry
Foam Sheet Expanded PVC / PE Foam / PU Foam
Foam sheet is a lightweight, low-density plastic sheet with a cellular structure — either closed-cell (water-resistant) or open-cell (cushioning). Common types include expanded PVC (Sintra/Celtec for signage), cross-linked PE foam (packaging, insulation), and polyurethane foam (cushioning, filtration). Foam offers excellent weight reduction and insulation properties.
Gasket Blank
A gasket blank is a flat piece of plastic sheet or plate pre-cut to a size suitable for machining or die-cutting into custom gaskets and seals. Common materials include PTFE, UHMW, silicone, and various fluoropolymers, chosen for their chemical resistance and sealing properties.
Hex Bar Hexagonal Rod
Hex bar is a plastic rod with a hexagonal cross-section, available in materials like nylon, acetal, and UHMW. Hex stock is commonly used for fasteners, nuts, standoffs, and custom fittings where a wrench-friendly shape is needed.
Liner Sheet Liner / Tank Liner
Liner refers to plastic sheet material used to line the interior surfaces of tanks, hoppers, chutes, truck beds, and bins. UHMW liners reduce friction and material hang-up in bulk handling. HDPE and PP liners provide chemical resistance in storage tanks. Liners are typically bolted, welded, or adhesive-mounted to the substrate. Plastic-Craft
Mesh Perforated Sheet / Expanded Plastic
Plastic mesh and perforated sheet are available in materials including PP, HDPE, PTFE, and nylon. Mesh is used for filtration, screening, ventilation, drainage, and guarding applications. Perforated plastic sheet starts as solid sheet with holes punched in a pattern. Expanded plastic mesh is formed by slitting and stretching sheet material.
Multiwall / Twinwall
Polycarbonate or polypropylene sheet with multiple parallel walls (flutes) creating an insulating air gap. Used in greenhouse panels, skylights, and partition walls. Industry
Near Net Shape
A stock shape manufactured close to the final part dimensions, reducing machining" class="term-link">CNC machining time and material waste. Offered by advanced distributors as a value-add service. Industry
Pellet Resin Pellet / Granule
Pellets are small granules of raw plastic resin — the feedstock for injection molding, extrusion, and 3D printing. Pellets are sold by material type and grade, and their melt flow index determines processing characteristics.
Plate
Thick flat stock, generally 0.5" and above. Distinguished from "sheet" by thickness. Used for structural and machining applications. Industry
Precision-Machined Blank Near Net Shape Blank
A precision-machined blank is a semi-finished piece cut and machined close to final dimensions, reducing waste and machining time for the end customer. This service is especially valuable for expensive high-performance materials like PEEK, Torlon, and Vespel. Plastic-Craft
Profile
Extruded shapes with specific cross-sections (angles, channels, T-bars, U-channels). Used for framing, trim, structural supports, and edge protection. Industry
Rod
Cylindrical stock sold by diameter and length. Available in round, square, and hexagonal profiles. Used as raw material for CNC-machined components like bushings, gears, and rollers. Featured
Sheet
Flat stock typically 48"x96" (4'x8'), the most common product form. Available in thicknesses from 0.005" film to 4"+ plate. Primary product for most distributors including Plastic-Craft. Featured
Stock Shapes
Industry term for standard-form plastic raw materials (sheets, rods, tubes, plates) as opposed to finished or machined parts. Featured
Strip Flat Bar / Narrow Sheet
Strip stock is a narrow piece of plastic sheet, typically under 12 inches wide, supplied in standard lengths. Strip is commonly ordered for wear strips, guide rails, edge guards, and gasket blanks. Many distributors offer precision-slit strip from full sheets to exact width specifications.
Tape PTFE Tape / Skived Tape
Tape is a thin, narrow strip of plastic — typically PTFE, UHMW, polyimide (Kapton), or adhesive-backed acetal — supplied in rolls. PTFE tape is used for thread sealing and low-friction surface applications. Skived PTFE tape is produced by peeling a thin layer from a solid billet on a lathe, producing a continuous film.
Tube
Hollow cylindrical stock defined by outer diameter, inner diameter, and wall thickness. Used for piping, structural supports, protective sleeves, and displays. Featured
Welding Rod
Small-diameter rod of the same material used to join plastic components via hot-gas welding. Material must match the base plastic for a proper weld. Industry
Weldment
A weldment is a fabricated assembly created by welding multiple plastic pieces together — typically sheets, plates, or profiles. Weldments are common in chemical processing (tanks, ducts, fume hoods), water treatment (scrubbers, basins), and semiconductor wet bench construction. Industry
4

Fabrication and Manufacturing Processes

Fabrication is how raw plastic stock is transformed into finished parts and products. From CNC machining and thermoforming to laser cutting and welding, understanding these processes helps you choose the right method for your project's quantity, precision, and budget.

3D Printing Additive Manufacturing
3D printing builds plastic parts layer by layer from digital CAD files. Key technologies include FDM (fused deposition modeling using filament), SLA (stereolithography using liquid resin), SLS (selective laser sintering using powder), and MJF (multi jet fusion). 3D printing excels at prototyping, low-volume production, and complex geometries impossible with traditional manufacturing. Industry
Adhesive Bonding
Adhesive bonding joins plastic parts using structural adhesives (epoxies, methacrylates, cyanoacrylates, or polyurethanes) rather than solvents, welding, or mechanical fasteners. Proper surface preparation (sanding, plasma treatment, primers) is critical for bond strength. Adhesive bonding distributes stress across the entire joint area, unlike fasteners which concentrate loads at point locations.
Annealing Stress Relieving
Controlled heating and slow cooling of a plastic part to relieve internal stresses from machining or forming. Prevents cracking, warping, and crazing. Critical for polycarbonate and acrylic parts. Industry
Assembly Mechanical Assembly
Assembly is the process of joining multiple fabricated plastic components into a finished product using mechanical fasteners (screws, rivets, snap-fits, press-fits), adhesive bonding, welding, or a combination. Proper assembly design for plastics accounts for thermal expansion differences, stress concentration at fastener holes, and creep under sustained clamping loads.
Blow Molding
Blow molding creates hollow plastic parts by inflating a heated plastic tube (parison) inside a mold cavity. The three main types — extrusion blow molding, injection blow molding, and stretch blow molding — produce bottles, containers, tanks, and automotive ducts at very high production rates. Industry
Buffing Polishing / Flame Polishing
Buffing is a finishing process that restores or enhances the surface clarity of plastics — especially acrylics and polycarbonates. Methods include mechanical buffing with progressively finer compounds, flame polishing with a hydrogen torch, and vapor polishing with solvent vapors.
Cast vs. Extruded
Two methods of producing acrylic sheet. Cast acrylic is poured between glass plates (better machinability, higher molecular weight, fewer internal stresses). Extruded acrylic is continuously formed (lower cost, tighter thickness tolerance, but more prone to crazing). Featured
CNC Engraving
Using a CNC machine with fine-point tools to engrave text, logos, or patterns into plastic surfaces. Used for nameplates, signage, and wayfinding. Plastic-Craft handles sheets up to 38"x72". Plastic-Craft
CNC Machining
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining is a computer-guided manufacturing process that precisely cuts, shapes, and finishes plastic parts from raw stock material. It includes routing" class="term-link">CNC routing (cutting flat sheets into complex shapes), CNC milling (creating 3D features like pockets and contours), and CNC turning (lathe work on round stock for bushings, rollers, and cylinders). Plastic-Craft operates 5-axis dual multi-head CNC routing equipment for high-precision, high-volume production. Featured
CNC Milling
3D material removal using rotating cutting tools along multiple axes. Used for creating complex geometries, pockets, and precision surfaces on plastic components. Featured
CNC Routing
Flat-sheet cutting and profiling using a CNC router. Used for cutting complex shapes, engraving, and pocketing from sheet stock. Plastic-Craft's routers handle up to 120"x60" sheets. Featured
CNC Turning
Lathe-based machining where the workpiece rotates against a stationary cutting tool. Used for producing cylindrical parts like bushings, rollers, and bearings from rod stock. Featured
Compression Molding
A molding process where preheated plastic is placed in an open mold cavity, then compressed under heat and pressure. Used for thermoset materials and large flat parts. Industry
Cut-to-Size
Cut-to-size (also called cut-to-order) is a service where a plastics distributor cuts sheet, rod, or tube stock to your exact specified dimensions before shipping. This eliminates waste and saves you the time and equipment needed to cut materials yourself. It is a core service offered by virtually all plastics distributors and one of the most-requested services at Plastic-Craft. Featured
Deburring
Deburring is the removal of sharp edges, burrs, and surface irregularities left by machining, cutting, or drilling operations. Methods include hand deburring (scrapers, files), tumbling, vibratory finishing, and cryogenic deburring. Clean deburring is critical for food-contact, medical, and semiconductor applications.
Die Cutting
Cutting thin plastic sheet or film using a shaped steel-rule die, similar to a cookie cutter. Used for high-volume production of gaskets, labels, and flat parts. Industry
Dome Blowing
A thermoforming variant that uses air pressure to inflate a heated plastic sheet into a dome or bubble shape. Plastic-Craft produces domes up to 40" diameter for skylights, displays, and architectural features. Plastic-Craft
Drape Forming
A thermoforming technique where a heated sheet is draped over a male mold using gravity and gentle vacuum. Used for large, gently curved parts like aircraft windshields and skylights. Industry
Drilling
Drilling is the process of creating holes in plastic using rotating drill bits. Plastics require specific drill geometries (wide flute, slow spiral), controlled feed rates, and often coolant to prevent melting, cracking, or crazing — especially in acrylics and polycarbonates.
Edge Finishing
Post-cutting processes to smooth, polish, or shape the edges of cut plastic. Methods include sanding, buffing, flame polishing, and diamond polishing. Different finishes serve different purposes (optical clarity vs. safety vs. aesthetics). Industry
Engraving CNC Engraving / Rotary Engraving
Engraving removes material to create text, logos, scales, and patterns on plastic surfaces. Methods include rotary engraving (spinning cutter), laser engraving (vaporizing material with a laser), and diamond-drag engraving. Two-color engraving plastics like Rowmark reveal a contrasting core color.
Extrusion
Continuous manufacturing process where melted plastic is pushed through a die to create a constant cross-section profile (sheet, rod, tube, or custom shape). "Extruded" acrylic is made this way (vs. "cast"). Industry
Film Conversion
Processing plastic film or sheet into finished products through cutting, slitting, laminating, die-cutting, or printing. A specialized service offered by larger distributors. Industry
Flame Polishing
Passing a hydrogen/oxygen flame over a machined acrylic edge to achieve optical clarity. The heat melts the surface just enough to flow smooth. Used for display cases and architectural applications. Industry
Hot Gas Welding Hot Air Welding
Hot gas welding uses a stream of heated air or nitrogen to simultaneously melt a plastic welding rod and the base material, creating a fused joint. It is the standard technique for fabricating chemical tanks, ductwork, fume hoods, and piping from PP, PE, PVC, and PVDF sheet and plate. Industry
Injection Molding
Injection molding is a high-volume manufacturing process in which molten plastic is injected under pressure into a precision metal mold to produce identical parts at high speed. It is ideal when you need thousands or millions of the same part with consistent quality. The tradeoff is an upfront tooling investment (the mold), which is offset by very low per-part cost at volume. Plastic-Craft offers injection molding services. Featured
Laminating
Laminating is the process of bonding multiple layers of material together under heat and pressure to create a composite structure. In plastics, laminating produces glass-epoxy (G-10/FR-4), phenolic, and melamine laminates used for electrical insulation, structural panels, and decorative surfaces. The reinforcement (glass fabric, paper, cotton) provides strength while the resin provides chemical and electrical resistance. Industry
Laser Cutting
Laser cutting uses a focused beam of light to precisely cut or engrave plastic sheet, producing clean, flame-polished edges — especially on acrylic. It is popular with both industrial fabricators and the maker/hobbyist community (Glowforge, Epilog). Important note: not all plastics can be safely laser cut. PVC and polycarbonate release toxic fumes when laser-cut and should be avoided. Cast acrylic is the ideal laser-cutting material. Industry
Line Bending Strip Heating
Heating a narrow line on a plastic sheet to create a sharp bend along that axis. Used for making boxes, enclosures, display stands, and protective guards from flat sheet. Industry
Machining Plastic Machining
Machining is the broad term for shaping plastic stock shapes into finished parts by removing material with cutting tools. Unlike metals, plastics require specific tooling geometries, speeds, feeds, and coolant strategies to prevent melting, crazing, and stress buildup. Common machining operations include milling, turning, drilling, sawing, and routing. Material choice, tool selection, and thermal management are the three keys to successful plastic machining. Plastic-Craft
Plastic Welding
Joining plastic components by melting the joint surfaces together. Methods include hot-gas welding (using a heat gun and rod" class="term-link">welding rod), ultrasonic welding, spin welding, and hot-plate welding. Industry
Reaming
Reaming is a precision hole-finishing operation that enlarges a drilled hole to an exact diameter with a smooth surface finish. In plastics, reaming is critical for achieving tight-tolerance holes for bearings, bushings, and press-fit assemblies. Reamers must be sharp and run at controlled speeds to avoid melting or oversizing.
RF Welding Radio Frequency / High Frequency Welding
RF welding uses electromagnetic energy (typically 27.12 MHz) to heat and fuse polar thermoplastics like PVC and polyurethane. The material is placed between electrodes, and the RF field causes molecular vibration that melts the material internally. Used for medical bags, inflatable products, and blister packaging. Industry
Rotational Molding Roto Molding
Rotational molding produces hollow plastic parts by rotating a mold containing powdered resin in an oven. As the mold turns on two axes, the resin melts and coats the interior walls evenly. Roto molding produces seamless, stress-free parts like tanks, playground equipment, kayaks, and industrial containers at relatively low tooling costs. Industry
Routing CNC Routing
Routing uses a high-speed rotating bit to cut, shape, and profile plastic sheet and plate. CNC routers can cut complex 2D shapes, pockets, and edge profiles with high accuracy. Routing is the primary process for signage, displays, and architectural plastic panels.
Sand Blasting
Projecting fine abrasive media at a surface to create a matte/frosted finish. Used on acrylic and polycarbonate for decorative effects, light diffusion, or anti-glare. Offered by Plastic-Craft. Plastic-Craft
Sawing Band Sawing / Table Sawing
Sawing is a common first-step fabrication process for cutting plastic stock shapes to rough size. Band saws, table saws, and panel saws are used depending on the material and shape. Proper blade selection (fine tooth, carbide-tipped) and feed rates prevent melting and chipping.
Screen Printing Silk Screening / Pad Printing
Screen printing and pad printing are decoration processes that apply ink, logos, text, scales, and graphics onto plastic surfaces. Screen printing pushes ink through a mesh stencil onto flat surfaces. Pad printing transfers ink from an etched plate via a silicone pad onto curved or irregular surfaces. Both are common for industrial nameplates, control panels, and branded components.
Skiving
Skiving is a specialized process for producing thin PTFE film and tape by peeling a continuous layer from a rotating cylindrical billet on a lathe. The billet spins while a blade shaves off a thin, uniform film — similar to peeling an apple. Skived PTFE film is used for electrical insulation, gaskets, bearing liners, and non-stick surfaces. Industry
Solvent Bonding Solvent Cementing
Joining plastics by applying a solvent that temporarily dissolves the surfaces, which then fuse when the solvent evaporates. Primary method for bonding acrylic (using methylene chloride or Weld-On cements). Industry
Spin Welding Rotational Friction Welding
Spin welding joins circular thermoplastic parts by rotating one part against a stationary part under pressure. The frictional heat melts the interface, and the rotation stops to allow the joint to solidify. It produces strong, leak-tight seals for filters, containers, and fluid fittings. Industry
Tapping Thread Cutting
Tapping is the process of cutting internal threads into a pre-drilled hole so that a bolt or screw can be fastened. In plastics, thread-cutting taps (not thread-forming) are typically preferred to avoid stress cracking, and thread inserts may be added for high-load applications.
Thermoforming
Thermoforming is a manufacturing process where a flat plastic sheet is heated until soft and pliable, then shaped over or into a mold using vacuum, pressure, or mechanical force. It is a cost-effective way to produce enclosures, trays, covers, and custom-shaped parts without the tooling expense of injection molding. Methods include vacuum forming, pressure forming, and drape forming. Plastic-Craft offers thermoforming services in-house. Featured
Threading Thread Milling / Thread Cutting
Threading is the process of creating external threads on a plastic part using a die, single-point lathe tool, or thread mill. Plastics require thread profiles with rounded roots (not sharp V-threads) to minimize stress concentration. For high-load applications, threaded metal inserts are often pressed or molded into the plastic part.
Ultrasonic Welding
Ultrasonic welding joins thermoplastic parts using high-frequency vibrations (typically 20–40 kHz) that generate localized frictional heat at the joint interface. It creates strong, hermetic bonds in seconds without adhesives or fasteners. Widely used in automotive, medical device, and electronics assembly for high-volume production. Industry
UV Flatbed Printing
Direct digital printing onto flat plastic substrates using UV-curable inks. Produces full-color graphics on sheets without the need for screen printing. Offered by Plastic-Craft. Plastic-Craft
Vacuum Forming
A thermoforming method that uses vacuum suction to draw a heated sheet over a mold. Cost-effective for medium-volume production of enclosures, trays, covers, and displays. Featured
Vapor Polishing
Vapor polishing uses a chemical solvent vapor (such as methylene chloride for polycarbonate or Weld-On for acrylic) to melt and smooth a plastic surface to optical clarity. The part is briefly exposed to the vapor, which melts a microscopic surface layer that re-solidifies smooth and transparent. Used for medical, optical, and microfluidic components. Industry
Waterjet Cutting
Cutting material using a high-pressure stream of water mixed with abrasive garnet. Cuts any material without heat-affected zones. Used for thick or heat-sensitive plastics. Industry
5

Mechanical and Physical Properties

Technical specifications used to compare, evaluate, and select plastic materials. These properties appear in material datasheets, spec sheets, and selection guides.

Abrasion Resistance Wear Resistance
Abrasion resistance is a material's ability to withstand surface wear from rubbing, scraping, or erosive contact. It is measured by standardized tests like Taber Abrasion (ASTM D4060), which reports material loss in mg per number of abrasion cycles. UHMW, nylon, and acetal rank among the most abrasion-resistant plastics.
Chemical Resistance
Chemical resistance describes how well a plastic withstands exposure to acids, bases, solvents, and other chemicals without degrading, softening, or cracking. It is one of the most important factors when selecting materials for chemical processing, laboratories, and semiconductor environments. Fluoropolymers (PTFE, PVDF, FEP) offer the broadest chemical resistance. Always consult a chemical resistance chart for your specific chemical exposure.
Coefficient of Friction
The coefficient of friction (COF) is a number that describes how slippery a material's surface is. A lower COF means less friction — and less resistance to sliding. This property is critical for bearings, wear strips, and conveyor components. PTFE (Teflon) has the lowest COF of any solid material at approximately 0.05, which is why it is the gold standard for low-friction applications.
Compressive Strength
Compressive strength is the maximum load a material can sustain when being squeezed or crushed — the opposite of tensile strength. Measured per ASTM D695, it is critical for bearing pads, structural supports, and any application where the plastic must carry weight without deforming. High-performance plastics like PEEK and PAI offer excellent compressive strength.
Creep Modulus Apparent Modulus
Creep modulus is a time-dependent measure of stiffness that accounts for the gradual deformation (creep) plastics undergo when loaded continuously. Unlike metals, plastics continue to deform slowly under constant stress. The creep modulus decreases over time, meaning a part will deflect more after 1,000 hours than after 1 hour under the same load.
Creep Resistance
Creep is the slow, permanent deformation that occurs when a plastic is held under a constant load for extended periods — even at stresses well below its breaking point. Creep resistance measures how well a material resists this gradual sagging or stretching. It matters most in structural applications under sustained load, such as support brackets or pressurized pipe fittings. PEEK and PAI offer the best creep resistance among thermoplastics.
Density Specific Weight
Density is the mass per unit volume of a material, typically reported in g/cm³. It ranges from ~0.90 g/cm³ for polypropylene to ~1.43 g/cm³ for PEEK to ~2.2 g/cm³ for PTFE. Density directly affects part weight, cost per piece, and buoyancy. Specific gravity (ASTM D792) is the dimensionless ratio of material density to water density.
Dimensional Stability
Dimensional stability is a material's ability to maintain its original size and shape under changes in temperature, humidity, and mechanical load. Plastics with high dimensional stability — like PEEK, acetal-copolymer" class="term-link">acetal copolymer, and polysulfone — are essential for precision parts, tight-tolerance assemblies, and applications where fit must be maintained across environmental extremes. Key factors include moisture absorption, CTE, and creep. Featured
Elastic Modulus Young's Modulus / Modulus of Elasticity
Elastic modulus (Young's modulus) measures a material's stiffness — the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic (linear) region. A higher modulus means a stiffer material that deflects less under load. For plastics, typical values range from ~0.2 GPa (flexible PE) to ~4 GPa (glass-filled nylon) to ~24 GPa (carbon-filled PEEK).
Elongation at Break Ultimate Elongation
Elongation at break is the percentage increase in length a plastic specimen achieves before fracturing in a tensile test (ASTM D638). It indicates ductility — high values (>50%) mean the material stretches significantly before breaking, while low values (<5%) indicate brittle behavior. Engineers use this to predict whether a part will yield or shatter under overload.
Fatigue Resistance Fatigue Life
Fatigue resistance measures a plastic's ability to withstand repeated cyclic loading without cracking or failure. Unlike metals, most plastics do not have a true fatigue endurance limit — they gradually weaken under cyclic stress. Acetal, nylon, and PEEK offer the best fatigue performance among engineering plastics.
Flexural Strength
Flexural strength measures how much bending force a material can handle before it deforms or breaks. Tested per ASTM D790, it indicates how well a plastic performs as a shelf, panel, or structural beam. Materials with high flexural strength resist sagging under load — critical for machine guards, shelving, and architectural panels.
Hardness Rockwell / Shore
Hardness measures a plastic's resistance to surface scratching and indentation. Rigid plastics are rated on the Rockwell scale (ASTM D785, M or R scale), semi-rigid on Shore D, and flexible materials on Shore A (ASTM D2240). Harder plastics resist scratching and wear better, while softer materials offer better impact absorption and sealing.
Impact Resistance
Impact resistance is a material's ability to absorb sudden force or shock without fracturing. It is measured by Izod (ASTM D256) and Charpy impact tests. Polycarbonate is the impact-resistance champion among transparent plastics — virtually unbreakable in standard sheet form. UHMW, nylon, and ABS also offer excellent impact resistance. Impact resistance typically decreases at low temperatures and in the presence of notches. Featured
Impact Strength Izod / Charpy
Impact strength measures how well a plastic resists sudden shock — like being hit by a dropped tool or struck by debris. The standard Izod test (ASTM D256) measures the energy required to break a notched specimen. Higher values mean tougher materials. Polycarbonate and UHMW rank among the highest-impact plastics, which is why they are used for safety shields and protective guards.
Light Transmission
Light transmission is the percentage of visible light that passes through a material. Acrylic leads all plastics at 92% — even clearer than glass. Polycarbonate transmits approximately 88%. This property determines which plastic to choose for glazing, displays, lighting lenses, and any application where seeing through the material matters. Higher transmission means better clarity.
Moisture Absorption Water Absorption
Moisture absorption measures the percentage of water a plastic absorbs when immersed for 24 hours (ASTM D570). This matters because absorbed water changes a material's dimensions, weight, and mechanical properties. Nylon absorbs 1–2%, which can cause parts to swell and lose precision. For moisture-sensitive applications, choose materials like acetal, PEEK, or PCTFE (which has the lowest moisture absorption of any plastic).
Notch Sensitivity
Notch sensitivity describes how much a material's impact strength decreases when a sharp notch, scratch, or stress concentrator is present. Polycarbonate is famously notch-sensitive — while nearly unbreakable in sheet form, a sharp V-notch can reduce its impact strength by 80%. Understanding notch sensitivity is critical for designing parts with corners, threads, or holes.
Optical Clarity Light Transmission / Transparency
Optical clarity describes how transparent and distortion-free a plastic material appears. It is measured by total light transmission (%) and haze (%) per ASTM D1003. Acrylic leads with 92% transmission and <1% haze. Polycarbonate offers 88% transmission. Optical-grade plastics are specified for lenses, displays, light guides, architectural glazing, and instrument covers.
Poisson's Ratio
Poisson's ratio is the ratio of lateral contraction to axial elongation when a material is stretched. For plastics, typical values range from 0.3 to 0.45. It is used in finite element analysis (FEA) and structural calculations to predict how a part will deform in multiple directions under load.
PV Limit Limiting PV
PV limit is the maximum combination of bearing pressure (how hard two surfaces press together) multiplied by sliding velocity (how fast they move). It is the most important specification for plastic bearings and bushings. Exceeding a material's PV limit causes overheating and failure. Higher PV ratings mean the bearing material can handle heavier loads at higher speeds.
Rockwell Hardness
Rockwell hardness measures a rigid plastic's resistance to indentation by pressing a steel ball into the surface under a specified load (ASTM D785). Results are reported on the R scale (for softer plastics) or M scale (for harder plastics). Higher numbers indicate harder surfaces with better scratch and wear resistance.
Scratch Resistance
Scratch resistance measures how well a plastic surface resists visible scratching from contact with abrasive materials or sharp objects. It is critical for glazing, displays, lenses, and touch-screen covers. Acrylic scratches more easily than glass but can be polished to remove scratches. Polycarbonate is softer and typically requires hard-coated surfaces for scratch-prone applications.
Shear Strength
Shear strength is the maximum stress a material can withstand when forces are applied parallel to its cross-section, trying to slide one plane past another. It is critical for designing pins, rivets, keyways, and snap-fit features in plastic parts.
Shore Hardness Durometer Hardness
Shore hardness measures the resistance of a material to surface indentation using a durometer gauge. Shore A is used for soft/flexible materials (rubbers, TPEs), while Shore D is used for harder plastics. The scale runs from 0 (very soft) to 100 (very hard). Shore hardness helps engineers match materials to gripping, cushioning, or wear applications.
Specific Gravity Density
Specific gravity compares a material's density to water (which has a value of 1.0). Plastics range from 0.90 (polypropylene, lighter than water) to 2.2 (PTFE). This property is used for weight calculations in design engineering and for quick material identification — if you know the specific gravity, you can often identify the plastic. Measured per ASTM D792.
Stress Cracking Environmental Stress Crack Resistance / ESCR
Stress cracking is the premature failure of a plastic caused by the combined action of mechanical stress and chemical exposure — even chemicals that would not attack the unstressed material. It is the most common failure mode in plastics. Polycarbonate is susceptible to stress cracking from solvents, amines, and strong bases. ESCR testing (ASTM D1693) measures a material's resistance to this failure mode. Featured
Tensile Strength
Tensile strength is the maximum pulling force a plastic can withstand before breaking — think of it as how hard you can tug on the material before it snaps. Measured in PSI or MPa per ASTM D638, it is the primary metric engineers use to compare the structural capability of different plastics. Higher tensile strength means the material can bear heavier loads in tension.
UV Resistance UV Stability
UV resistance is a material's ability to withstand prolonged ultraviolet radiation exposure without degrading — maintaining its color, strength, and surface integrity. Unprotected plastics can yellow, chalk, crack, and lose mechanical properties from UV exposure. Acrylic and ASA have inherent UV resistance. Other plastics require UV-stabilizer additives or protective coatings for outdoor use. Featured
Water Absorption
Water absorption measures how much moisture a plastic absorbs when immersed in water, reported as a percentage of weight gain (ASTM D570). Nylons absorb 1–8% and swell noticeably, while fluoropolymers absorb <0.01%. High water absorption causes dimensional changes, reduced strength, and potential warping — critical factors for precision parts in humid environments.
Wear Resistance Abrasion Resistance
Wear resistance is a material's ability to withstand surface erosion from rubbing, sliding, or scraping over time. Plastics with high wear resistance — such as UHMW, PTFE, and bearing-grade nylon — last longer in applications involving continuous contact, like conveyor guide rails, chute liners, and machine bearings. Measured by the Taber abrasion test (ASTM D1044).
Weather Resistance Weatherability
Weather resistance is a material's ability to maintain its properties and appearance when exposed to outdoor conditions — UV radiation, rain, humidity, temperature cycling, and pollution. Materials are tested using accelerated weathering chambers (ASTM G154/G155) and Florida outdoor exposure. Acrylic, ASA, PVDF, and fluoropolymers offer the best weatherability among plastics.
Yield Strength
Yield strength is the stress level at which a plastic begins to deform permanently (plastically) rather than returning to its original shape when the load is removed. Below yield, deformation is elastic and reversible; above yield, the material takes a permanent set. Yield strength is a critical design limit for structural plastic components.
6

Thermal Properties

Temperature-related specifications that determine which plastic to use in hot, cold, or fire-sensitive environments. Understanding these properties helps prevent material failure in demanding applications.

Autoclavable
Autoclavable plastics can withstand repeated steam sterilization cycles (typically 121°C/250°F at 15 psi for 15–30 minutes) without significant degradation. Key autoclavable materials include PPSU (the gold standard), PEI/Ultem, PEEK, and polysulfone. Polycarbonate has limited autoclave cycles. Autoclavability is essential for reusable medical devices, laboratory equipment, and food processing tools. Featured
Brittleness Temperature
Brittleness temperature is the lowest temperature at which a plastic specimen fails in a brittle manner under impact (ASTM D746). Below this temperature, the material shatters rather than deforming. It is critical for outdoor, cold-storage, and cryogenic applications — polycarbonate excels here with brittleness temperatures below -40°C.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion CTE / CLTE
The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) describes how much a material grows or shrinks as temperature changes (ASTM D696). Plastics expand 5 to 10 times more than metals when heated, which must be accounted for in precision assemblies. If you are bolting a plastic panel to a metal frame, CTE mismatch can cause warping, cracking, or loose joints as temperatures fluctuate.
Continuous Service Temperature
Continuous service temperature is the maximum temperature at which a plastic can operate day after day without losing its strength or breaking down. This is different from short-term heat exposure — it reflects long-term reliability. Values range from approximately 150°F for basic polyethylene up to 600°F or more for ultra-high-performance materials like PBI (Celazole).
Cryogenic
Cryogenic refers to extremely low temperatures, typically below -150°F (-100°C). Most plastics become brittle and crack at cryogenic temperatures, but certain grades — including PCTFE, UHMW, Vespel (polyimide), and PEEK — retain their flexibility and impact strength even in extreme cold. These materials are used in aerospace, liquefied natural gas (LNG) systems, and scientific research equipment. Industry
Flame Retardant
A flame-retardant plastic is one that resists ignition and slows the spread of fire, either through its inherent chemistry or through added fire-inhibiting compounds. Flame-retardant materials are required by code in aircraft interiors (FAR 25.853), building construction, electrical enclosures, and mass transit vehicles. Common inherently flame-retardant plastics include polycarbonate, PEI (Ultem), and all fluoropolymers. Featured
Flash Ignition Temperature Flash Point
Flash ignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which a plastic gives off enough combustible vapors to ignite briefly when an external ignition source is applied (ASTM D1929). It is different from self-ignition temperature and is used to assess fire safety risk in plastics applications.
Glass Transition Temperature Tg
The glass transition temperature (Tg) is the point where a rigid, glassy plastic begins to soften and become rubbery. Below Tg, the material is hard and can be brittle; above Tg, it becomes flexible and pliable. This property is especially important for amorphous plastics like acrylic and polycarbonate, and determines the practical operating range of a material.
Heat Aging Thermal Aging
Heat aging is the gradual degradation of a plastic's mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, impact resistance) when exposed to elevated temperatures over extended periods. Manufacturers report retained properties after 5,000–20,000+ hours at temperature. Heat aging data is more relevant for real-world design than short-term HDT values.
Heat Deflection Temperature HDT
Heat deflection temperature (HDT) is the temperature at which a plastic starts to bend or warp under a standard load (ASTM D648). Think of it as the practical upper temperature limit for parts that need to bear weight or maintain their shape. HDT is one of the first specifications engineers check when selecting a material for a hot environment.
Heat Resistance High-Temperature Plastic
Heat resistance is a material's ability to maintain useful mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. It is characterized by multiple metrics: heat deflection temperature (HDT), continuous service temperature, UL temperature index (RTI), and Vicat softening point. The highest heat-resistant thermoplastics — PBI (310°C), PAI/Torlon (275°C), polyimide (260°C), and PEEK (250°C) — serve aerospace, oil and gas, and semiconductor applications. Featured
Linear Thermal Expansion CTE / CLTE
Linear thermal expansion (CTE or CLTE) measures how much a material changes length per degree of temperature change, reported in mm/mm/°C or in/in/°F. Unfilled plastics expand 3–10× more than metals, which can cause fit and tolerance problems in assemblies. Glass and carbon fillers dramatically reduce CTE to near-metal values.
Melting Point Melting Temperature / Tm
Melting point (Tm) is the temperature at which a semi-crystalline thermoplastic transitions from solid to liquid. Amorphous plastics do not have a true melting point — they gradually soften through a glass transition. Melting points range from ~115°C (LDPE) to ~343°C (PEEK) to ~388°C (PBI).
Self-Extinguishing
A self-extinguishing plastic is one that stops burning on its own once the ignition source (flame, spark) is removed — the fire goes out rather than spreading. Materials rated UL 94 V-0 or better are classified as self-extinguishing. Examples include polycarbonate, PEI (Ultem), PVDF, and most fluoropolymers. This property is essential for electrical and safety-critical applications.
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal conductivity measures how quickly heat flows through a material, reported in W/m·K. Most unfilled plastics are excellent thermal insulators (0.15–0.30 W/m·K), while conductive" class="term-link">thermally conductive fillers (boron nitride, aluminum oxide, graphite) can boost conductivity to 1–20 W/m·K for heat-sink and LED applications.
UL 94 Flammability Rating
UL 94 is the Underwriters Laboratories standard that classifies how plastics behave when exposed to flame. Ratings range from HB (slowest burn, least fire-resistant) to V-2, V-1, and V-0 (self-extinguishing within 10 seconds), up to 5VA/5VB (the highest rating). Building codes, aviation regulations, and electrical standards often require specific UL 94 ratings, making this one of the most commonly specified fire safety properties.
UL Temperature Index RTI / Relative Thermal Index
UL Temperature Index (RTI) is the maximum temperature at which a plastic retains at least 50% of its key properties over 100,000 hours, as determined by UL (Underwriters Laboratories). It is the gold standard for long-term thermal rating and is required for UL-recognized electrical/electronic applications. Industry
Vicat Softening Temperature Vicat Softening Point
Vicat softening temperature is the temperature at which a flat-ended needle penetrates a plastic specimen to a depth of 1mm under a specified load (ASTM D1525). It provides a single-number comparison of short-term heat resistance among rigid thermoplastics, though it does not indicate long-term thermal stability.
7

Electrical Properties

Electrical properties that determine how plastics behave around electricity — from insulating high voltages to safely dissipating static charges in sensitive environments.

Anti-Static
Anti-static materials have surface resistivity in the range of 10⁹ to 10¹² ohms per square, which allows static charges to dissipate slowly enough to prevent sudden discharge but fast enough to avoid charge accumulation. Anti-static plastics are used in packaging, cleanroom equipment, and electronics handling where ESD prevention is required but full conductivity is not needed.
Arc Resistance
Arc resistance is the length of time (measured in seconds) a plastic can withstand a high-voltage electrical arc across its surface before the surface chars and becomes conductive. Materials with high arc resistance are used in circuit breakers, switchgear housings, and electrical distribution equipment where arcing events are possible. Phenolic laminates and PBT are known for strong arc resistance.
Dielectric Constant Permittivity / Dk
Dielectric constant (Dk) measures a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field relative to vacuum. Lower Dk values (2.0–3.0) are preferred for high-frequency circuit boards and radomes because they minimize signal loss and delay. PTFE (Dk ≈ 2.1) and Rexolite (Dk ≈ 2.53) are prized for their low, stable dielectric constants.
Dielectric Strength
Dielectric strength is the maximum voltage a plastic can withstand per unit of thickness before electricity breaks through it (ASTM D149). Measured in volts per mil (V/mil), this is the key specification for electrical insulation applications. Higher dielectric strength means better insulating capability — essential for switchgear, terminal blocks, and wire insulation.
Dissipation Factor Loss Tangent / Df
Dissipation factor (Df) measures the fraction of electrical energy lost as heat when an alternating electric field passes through a dielectric material. Lower values mean less energy loss and less signal attenuation. For high-frequency applications (5G, radar, satellite), materials with Df below 0.002 are required — PTFE and Rexolite excel here.
Electrical Breakdown Dielectric Breakdown Voltage
Electrical breakdown is the voltage at which an insulating material fails catastrophically, allowing current to flow through it. It is related to, but distinct from, dielectric strength — breakdown voltage is the absolute voltage at failure for a specific sample thickness, while dielectric strength is normalized to voltage per unit thickness.
Electrostatic Discharge ESD
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the sudden flow of electricity between two objects at different electrical potentials, caused by direct contact or an induced electric field. ESD events can damage sensitive electronics. ESD-safe plastics are engineered with surface resistivity between 10⁵ and 10¹² ohms/sq to safely dissipate static charges without sparking. Featured
EMI/RFI Shielding Electromagnetic / Radio Frequency Shielding
EMI/RFI shielding describes a material's ability to block electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference from entering or escaping an enclosure. While most plastics are transparent to EMI/RF, conductive fillers (carbon fiber, stainless steel fiber, nickel-coated carbon) can make plastic housings effective shields — replacing heavier metal enclosures. Industry
ESD Electrostatic Discharge
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the sudden spark of static electricity that jumps between objects — the same shock you feel touching a doorknob in winter. In electronics and semiconductor manufacturing, even a tiny invisible ESD event can permanently destroy microchips worth thousands of dollars. ESD-safe plastics, such as Semitron and carbon-filled PEEK, are engineered to safely drain static charges before they can build up and spark. Industry
Insulation Resistance
Insulation resistance is the electrical resistance measured between two conductors separated by an insulating material, typically reported in megohms or gigohms. It verifies that an insulator effectively prevents current leakage between circuits. Testing is done per ASTM D257 and is essential for qualifying electrical housings, connectors, and cable insulation.
RF Transparent Radio Frequency Transparent / Radar Transparent
RF-transparent materials allow radio frequency signals to pass through with minimal attenuation or distortion. They are used for radomes (radar enclosures), antenna covers, 5G infrastructure housings, and telecom equipment windows. Key RF-transparent plastics include PTFE, Rexolite, quartz-filled composites, fiberglass composites, and specialty low-Dk thermoplastics. Low dielectric constant and low dissipation factor are the critical selection parameters. Industry
Static Dissipative
A static dissipative material has a controlled level of electrical conductivity (surface resistivity between 10⁵ and 10¹² ohms/sq) that allows static charges to drain away slowly and safely — without the sudden spark of a full discharge. These materials are required in semiconductor clean rooms, explosive environments, and electronic assembly areas where static buildup is dangerous.
Surface Resistivity
Surface resistivity measures how easily electric charge travels across the surface of a material. It classifies plastics into three categories: conductive (below 10⁵ ohms/sq — charge flows freely), static dissipative (10⁵–10¹² — charge drains slowly and safely), or insulative (above 10¹² — charge stays put). This classification determines which plastics are safe to use in ESD-sensitive environments like semiconductor fabs.
Tracking Resistance CTI / Comparative Tracking Index
Tracking resistance (CTI) measures a material's ability to resist the formation of conductive carbon paths (tracks) on its surface when exposed to electrical stress and moisture contamination. Higher CTI values indicate better resistance to surface arcing. CTI is a critical safety parameter for electrical enclosures, switchgear, and terminal blocks. Industry
Volume Resistivity
Volume resistivity measures how strongly a material resists the flow of electricity through its interior (ASTM D257). Standard insulative plastics have values above 10¹² ohm-cm, meaning virtually no current passes through. Static dissipative materials (10⁵–10¹¹ ohm-cm) allow controlled current flow to drain away static charges safely. This property determines whether a plastic acts as an insulator or a controlled conductor.
8

Certifications, Standards, and Compliance

Industry certifications and regulatory standards that govern material quality, safety, and traceability in plastics manufacturing and distribution.

3-A Sanitary Standards
Standards for food, beverage, and dairy processing equipment. Materials with 3-A certification are approved for direct contact in sanitary food processing environments. More stringent than basic FDA compliance. Industry
AMS Specifications Aerospace Material Specifications
AMS specifications are material and process standards published by SAE International specifically for the aerospace industry. They define material composition, properties, testing, and quality requirements that go beyond commercial grades. AMS-specified plastics include high-performance materials like PEEK (AMS 3924), polyimide, and specialty fluoropolymers used in flight-critical components. Industry
AS9100:2016
Aerospace quality management system standard. Plastic-Craft holds this certification alongside ISO 9001:2015, qualifying them for aerospace and defense contracts requiring the highest quality systems. Plastic-Craft
AS9100D
Aerospace quality management system standard (built on ISO 9001 with additional aerospace requirements). Required by major aerospace OEMs and their supply chains. Industry
ASTM E84 Surface Burning Characteristics
ASTM E84 (Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics) measures flame spread and smoke development of building materials in a Steiner tunnel test. Materials are rated by Flame Spread Index (FSI) and Smoke Developed Index (SDI) and classified as Class A (FSI 0–25), Class B (26–75), or Class C (76–200). Critical for building code compliance. Industry
Biocompatibility
Biocompatibility is a material's ability to perform in contact with living tissue without causing harmful biological responses — including toxicity, irritation, sensitization, or carcinogenicity. For plastics used in medical devices, biocompatibility is verified through testing per ISO 10993 or USP Class VI. Common biocompatible plastics include PEEK, PPSU, PEI/Ultem, polycarbonate, and medical-grade polyethylene. Featured
Buy American Act BAA
The Buy American Act (BAA) requires the U.S. federal government to prefer domestic products in its procurement. For plastics suppliers, BAA compliance means demonstrating that materials are manufactured or substantially transformed in the United States. This requirement is increasingly important for government and defense contracts and drives demand for domestically produced stock shapes. Industry
CAGE Code
Commercial and Government Entity code -- a five-character identifier assigned by the Defense Logistics Agency. Required for any company doing business with the U.S. Department of Defense. Plastic-Craft's CAGE code is 0T968. Plastic-Craft
CE Marking
CE marking indicates that a product complies with applicable European Union health, safety, and environmental requirements. For plastics, this is most relevant to finished products (electrical enclosures, medical devices, toys) rather than raw material. CE compliance enables legal sale within the European Economic Area. Industry
Certificate of Compliance C of C
A document from the material manufacturer certifying that a specific lot of material meets stated specifications. Essential for aerospace, medical, and defense applications where material traceability is required. Industry
Cleanroom Compatibility Cleanroom-Grade
Cleanroom-compatible plastics generate minimal particulate contamination when machined, handled, or in use. Key properties include low outgassing, smooth non-porous surfaces, chemical resistance to cleaning agents, and ESD-safe options. Materials like PEEK, Torlon, Vespel, and specialty-grade UHMW and acetal are commonly specified for ISO Class 1–8 cleanroom environments. Featured
Conflict Minerals Dodd-Frank Section 1502
Conflict minerals regulations require manufacturers to disclose whether their products contain tin, tantalum, tungsten, or gold (3TG) sourced from conflict regions. While most plastics are inherently conflict-mineral-free, filled or compounded grades with metal additives may require compliance documentation for defense and electronics customers. Industry
DFARS Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement
DFARS regulations add defense-specific requirements to standard federal procurement rules. For plastics distributors serving defense contractors, DFARS compliance may require domestic sourcing, specialty metals clauses, counterfeit prevention programs, and enhanced cybersecurity (CMMC). DFARS compliance is increasingly required in defense supply chains. Industry
EU 10/2011 European Food Contact Regulation
EU Regulation 10/2011 governs plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food in the European Union. It establishes an approved list of monomers and additives, sets overall and specific migration limits, and requires a Declaration of Compliance for food-contact plastics. Companies selling into the EU must ensure their materials comply with this regulation. Industry
FAR 25.853
Federal Aviation Regulation governing flammability of materials used in aircraft cabin interiors. Specifies maximum burn rate, flame time, and drip resistance. Materials like Kydex and Boltaron are tested to this standard. Industry
FDA 21 CFR FDA Code of Federal Regulations
FDA 21 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21) contains the regulations governing food, drugs, and medical devices in the United States. For plastics, the most relevant sections are 21 CFR 177 (indirect food additives — polymers) and 21 CFR 178 (indirect food additives — adjuvants). A plastic listed under these sections is approved for food contact under specified conditions of use. Industry
FDA Compliant
Materials that meet FDA regulations (21 CFR) for food contact. Important distinction: FDA compliant means the raw material formulation is approved under FDA guidelines — it does not mean a specific finished part has been tested or approved by the FDA. Featured
FM 4910
Factory Mutual fire safety standard for clean room materials. FM 4910-approved plastics generate minimal smoke and flame spread. Required in semiconductor fabrication facilities. Industry
IAPD Intl. Assoc. of Plastics Distribution
The trade association for plastics distributors and their supply chain partners. IAPD membership indicates industry legitimacy and access to educational programs, networking, and market data. Industry
IP Rating Ingress Protection Rating
IP ratings (IEC 60529) use a two-digit code to specify the degree of protection an enclosure provides against solid particles and liquids. The first digit (0–6) rates dust protection; the second digit (0–9K) rates water protection. For example, IP67 means completely dust-tight and can withstand temporary immersion in water. Industry
ISO 10993 Biocompatibility Testing
ISO 10993 is the international standard for evaluating the biocompatibility of medical devices that contact the human body. It defines a series of tests — including cytotoxicity, sensitization, irritation, and systemic toxicity — that determine whether a material is safe for its intended use. ISO 10993 is required for medical device regulatory approval in the EU, US (FDA), and most global markets. Industry
ISO 13485
Quality management standard specific to medical device manufacturing. Required for suppliers providing materials used in medical device production. Indicates rigorous traceability and quality controls. Industry
ISO 9001
International quality management system standard. Demonstrates that a company consistently provides products meeting customer and regulatory requirements. The most common certification in plastics distribution. Featured
ITAR International Traffic in Arms Regulations
U.S. federal regulations controlling the export of defense-related materials and services. ITAR registration indicates a supplier is authorized to handle defense/military projects. Important for aerospace and defense customers. Industry
Kosher Certification
Kosher certification verifies that food-contact plastics and processing equipment meet Jewish dietary law requirements. For plastics, this primarily involves documentation that materials are free from animal-derived additives and have not been contaminated by non-kosher substances during manufacturing. Relevant for food processing equipment and packaging. Industry
MIL-DTL Military Detail Specification
MIL-DTL (Military Detail Specification) documents define detailed requirements for materials, components, and products procured by the U.S. Department of Defense. For plastics, MIL-DTL specs cover materials like G-10/FR-4 laminates (MIL-I-24768), nylon shapes (MIL-P-17091), and phenolics (MIL-I-24768). Compliance requires full material traceability and testing documentation. Industry
MIL-SPEC Military Specification
U.S. Department of Defense specifications for materials, products, and processes used in military applications. MIL-STD materials must meet specific performance requirements under combat conditions. Featured
NAICS Code North American Industry Classification
Standard codes used by the federal government to classify businesses. Plastic-Craft's primary NAICS codes include 326199 (All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing) and 326121 (Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape Manufacturing). Plastic-Craft
NEMA Ratings National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NEMA ratings classify electrical enclosures by their level of protection against environmental hazards including dust, water, ice, oil, and corrosion. Common ratings include NEMA 1 (indoor general purpose), NEMA 4 (watertight), NEMA 4X (watertight + corrosion resistant), and NEMA 12 (dust/drip tight). Plastic enclosures inherently offer corrosion resistance advantages over metal. Industry
NSF National Sanitation Foundation
Independent organization that certifies products for public health and safety. NSF 51 covers food equipment materials; NSF 61 covers drinking water system components. Third-party validation beyond FDA compliance. Featured
Prop 65 California Proposition 65
Proposition 65 requires businesses to provide warnings if their products contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer or reproductive harm. Some plastics and additives may contain Prop 65 chemicals, requiring warning labels for products sold in California. Plastics distributors must track and communicate Prop 65 status for regulated materials. Industry
QPL Qualified Products List
A Qualified Products List (QPL) is a list of products that have been tested and found to meet the requirements of a military or government specification. Getting a product on a QPL requires extensive testing, documentation, and often facility audits. For plastics, QPL-listed materials are required for many defense applications — specifying a non-QPL material can disqualify a bid. Industry
REACH
EU regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals. Requires companies to identify and manage chemical risks. REACH compliance is essential for selling into European markets. Industry
RoHS
Restriction of Hazardous Substances (EU Directive). Limits use of specific hazardous materials in electrical/electronic equipment. RoHS-compliant plastics are free of lead, mercury, cadmium, and other restricted substances. Industry
SAM Registration System for Award Management
The official U.S. government system where entities must register to do business with the federal government. Active SAM registration is required for all government contracts and grants. Plastic-Craft
UL Recognition UL Listed / UL Recognized
UL (Underwriters Laboratories) recognition certifies that a material or component has been tested and meets specific safety standards for flammability, electrical properties, and thermal endurance. UL-recognized plastics carry a yellow card listing their rated properties, which OEMs reference when designing products that require UL certification. Industry
USDA Certified
Materials approved for use in USDA-inspected food processing facilities. Requires specific surface properties (non-absorbent, easily cleaned) and approved material composition. Featured
USP Class VI
Biocompatibility testing standard from the United States Pharmacopeia. The highest classification for plastics in contact with human tissue. Required for medical device materials. Tests include implantation, systemic injection, and intracutaneous reactivity. Industry
VOSB Veteran-Owned Small Business
A federal government designation for businesses owned and controlled by veterans. Provides advantages in government procurement and contracting. Plastic-Craft holds this certification. Plastic-Craft
9

ASTM Testing Standards

ASTM International (formerly the American Society for Testing and Materials) sets the standard test methods referenced on nearly every plastic datasheet. Understanding these test numbers helps you compare materials apples-to-apples.

ASTM D1003 Haze and Luminous Transmittance
ASTM D1003 measures the total light transmission and haze (scattered light) of transparent plastic sheets. High transmission with low haze indicates excellent optical clarity. This test is critical for specifying glazing, displays, lighting lenses, and optical components where visual clarity is paramount.
ASTM D1238 Melt Flow Rate (MFR)
ASTM D1238 measures the rate at which a thermoplastic flows through a standard die under specified temperature and load conditions, reported in grams per 10 minutes. Melt flow rate (MFR) indicates processability — higher values mean easier flow for injection molding, while lower values indicate higher molecular weight and often better mechanical properties.
ASTM D149
ASTM D149 tests dielectric strength — the maximum voltage a plastic can withstand per unit of thickness before electricity punches through it. Results are reported in volts per mil (V/mil). This is the critical specification for any plastic used as electrical insulation in switchgear, transformers, terminal blocks, or wire coatings.
ASTM D1929 Ignition Temperature
ASTM D1929 determines the flash ignition temperature (minimum temperature for vapors to ignite briefly from an external flame) and self-ignition temperature (minimum temperature for self-sustained combustion without external ignition) of plastics. These values are used in fire safety assessments and material selection for applications with elevated temperature or fire risk.
ASTM D2240 Durometer Hardness (Shore)
ASTM D2240 measures the indentation hardness of plastics and elastomers using a durometer gauge. Shore A is used for soft, flexible materials (rubbers, TPE) and Shore D for harder plastics. The test provides a quick, non-destructive hardness check that correlates with wear resistance and surface properties.
ASTM D256
ASTM D256 is the standard Izod impact test, which measures how much energy is needed to break a notched plastic specimen with a sudden blow. It is the go-to test for comparing plastic toughness. If your application involves drops, impacts, or vibration, this is the datasheet number to look for. Higher values mean tougher, more impact-resistant material.
ASTM D257 Volume and Surface Resistivity
ASTM D257 measures the electrical resistance of a plastic — both through its volume (volume resistivity, in ohm-cm) and across its surface (surface resistivity, in ohms/square). These values determine whether a material is insulative, static dissipative, or conductive, and are the basis for ESD material classification.
ASTM D2863 Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI)
ASTM D2863 determines the minimum concentration of oxygen in an oxygen/nitrogen mixture that will support candle-like combustion of a plastic specimen. Materials with LOI above 21% (ambient oxygen) are considered self-extinguishing. LOI provides a simple, reproducible ranking of relative flammability among plastics — higher LOI means less flammable.
ASTM D2990 Creep and Stress Relaxation
ASTM D2990 measures the time-dependent deformation (creep) of plastics under constant sustained load, and the decay of stress over time when held at constant strain (stress relaxation). These long-term properties are critical for structural design — a plastic part will deflect significantly more under a 10-year load than the short-term modulus predicts.
ASTM D4060 Taber Abrasion
ASTM D4060 measures abrasion resistance by pressing rotating abrasive wheels against a flat plastic specimen and measuring weight loss after a specified number of cycles. Lower weight loss indicates better abrasion resistance. Taber abrasion testing is the industry standard for comparing wear resistance of plastic sheets, coatings, and surface treatments.
ASTM D4065 Dynamic Mechanical Properties (DMA)
ASTM D4065 describes dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) — a technique that measures a plastic's storage modulus (stiffness), loss modulus (energy dissipation), and damping (tan delta) as functions of temperature, frequency, or time. DMA reveals glass transition temperature, secondary transitions, and viscoelastic behavior critical for design under dynamic loads.
ASTM D570
ASTM D570 measures how much water a plastic absorbs when fully immersed for 24 hours. The material is weighed dry, soaked, then reweighed — the weight gain percentage indicates moisture absorption. This matters because absorbed water changes a part's dimensions, weight, and mechanical properties. Low moisture absorption is critical for precision parts and outdoor applications.
ASTM D635 Rate of Burning (Horizontal)
ASTM D635 measures the rate and extent of burning of a plastic specimen held horizontally. The specimen is ignited at one end and the rate of burn, time to extinguish, and extent of burning are recorded. This basic flammability test classifies plastics as burning, slow-burning, or self-extinguishing, and is one of the most commonly reported fire properties on material datasheets.
ASTM D638
ASTM D638 is the standard test for tensile properties — how strong a plastic is when pulled apart. It measures tensile strength (breaking point), elongation at break (how much it stretches), and modulus of elasticity (stiffness). This is the most frequently cited mechanical test on plastic datasheets and the first property engineers compare when evaluating structural materials.
ASTM D648
ASTM D648 tests the heat deflection temperature (HDT) — the point at which a plastic begins to deform under a standard load as temperature rises. Tested at two loads (264 PSI and 66 PSI), this tells you the practical maximum temperature for structural or load-bearing plastic parts. It is the first temperature-related spec most engineers check.
ASTM D695 Compressive Properties
ASTM D695 measures the compressive strength, modulus, and yield point of rigid plastics. A cylindrical or rectangular specimen is compressed between parallel plates at a constant rate. Compressive properties are critical for designing load-bearing components like bearings, structural supports, and seating surfaces where the material must resist crushing forces.
ASTM D696 Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion
ASTM D696 measures the rate at which a plastic expands or contracts per degree of temperature change. The test uses a dilatometer to track length changes over a defined temperature range. CTE values are essential for designing assemblies where plastic and metal components must maintain fit across operating temperatures.
ASTM D746 Brittleness Temperature
ASTM D746 determines the temperature at which plastics exhibit brittle failure under impact. Specimens are struck by a high-speed arm at progressively lower temperatures until 50% of specimens break in a brittle manner. This temperature defines the lower limit of useful service — below it, the plastic will shatter rather than deform.
ASTM D785
ASTM D785 is the standard hardness" class="term-link">Rockwell hardness test for plastics. It presses a steel ball into the surface and measures the indentation depth. The R scale is used for softer plastics and the M scale for harder ones. This quick, non-destructive test is commonly used for incoming material verification and quality control.
ASTM D790
ASTM D790 is the standard test for flexural (bending) properties. It measures how much force a plastic can resist when bent before it breaks or permanently deforms. The results include flexural strength and flexural modulus. Use this specification when selecting materials for shelves, panels, beams, or any part that must resist bending loads.
ASTM D792
ASTM D792 measures the specific gravity (density) of a plastic by comparing its weight to an equal volume of water. A specific gravity of 1.0 equals the density of water; values below 1.0 float, values above 1.0 sink. This test is used for weight calculations in design engineering and as a quick method for identifying unknown plastic materials.
ASTM G154 UV Accelerated Weathering
ASTM G154 exposes plastic specimens to cycles of UV fluorescent light and moisture (condensation) to simulate outdoor weathering in an accelerated timeframe. It predicts color change, gloss loss, crazing, and mechanical property degradation from years of sun exposure in weeks of testing. This is the standard weathering test referenced on most plastic material datasheets.
10

Industries Served

Market sectors served by the plastics industry. Each requires specific material grades, certifications, and application expertise.

3D Printing Industry Additive Manufacturing
The 3D printing industry consumes plastics in multiple forms: FDM filament (PLA, ABS, PETG, nylon, PEEK, PEKK), SLA/DLP resins (photopolymer), and SLS/MJF powders (nylon 12, TPU). As 3D printing moves from prototyping to production, demand is growing for engineering and high-performance grade filaments and powders with certified material properties. Industry
Aerospace
Aircraft, spacecraft, and defense components requiring high-performance materials (PEEK, PEI, PAI) with FAR 25.853 flammability ratings and AS9100 quality systems. Plastic-Craft serves this sector. Featured
Agriculture
Greenhouse panels (multiwall polycarbonate), UV-stabilized materials, and chemical-resistant tanks and piping for irrigation and fertilizer systems. Featured
Architecture / Interior Design
Architecture and interior design use plastic sheets and panels for skylights, partitions, decorative wall panels, illuminated ceilings, handrails, and furniture. Popular materials include acrylic (clarity, color options), polycarbonate (impact resistance), solid surface (Corian-type), and expanded PVC foam (lightweight signage and casework). Industry
Automotive / Transportation
OEM and aftermarket components including windshields, instrument lenses, structural parts, and wear components. Requires flame-retardant, UV-stable, and impact-resistant materials. Featured
Chemical Processing
Tanks, piping, ductwork, and linings exposed to aggressive chemicals. Requires fluoropolymers (PTFE, PVDF, ECTFE), polypropylene, and PVC with verified chemical resistance data. Industry
Construction
Glazing, machine guards, roofing panels, cladding, and safety barriers. Uses polycarbonate (bullet-resistant, multiwall), acrylic, FRP panels, and ACM. Featured
Defense / Military
Military vehicles, equipment, and systems requiring MIL-SPEC materials, ITAR-registered suppliers, and impact/ballistic-resistant plastics. Plastic-Craft serves this sector. Featured
Dental
Dental applications use biocompatible, sterilizable plastics for instrument handles, retractor components, suction tips, impression trays, orthodontic aligners, and temporary crowns. Key materials include autoclavable PPSU and PEI for reusable instruments, PMMA for denture bases, and PEEK for implant-supported frameworks. All dental plastics must meet biocompatibility requirements. Industry
Electronics / PCB
Electronics manufacturing uses engineered plastics for printed circuit board (PCB) substrates (FR-4, G-10, polyimide), connector housings, IC sockets, semiconductor handling fixtures, and EMI shielding enclosures. Critical properties include dielectric performance, dimensional stability at solder temperatures, UL flammability ratings, and ESD-safe surface resistivity. Industry
Food and Beverage
Processing equipment, cutting boards, conveyor components, and tanks requiring FDA-compliant, USDA-certified, NSF-listed, and 3-A Dairy-approved materials. Plastic-Craft's core market. Featured
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
The HVAC industry uses engineered plastics for ductwork, dampers, plenums, drain pans, insulation panels, coil coatings, and control housings. PVC and polypropylene ductwork dominates in corrosive environments like laboratories, chemical plants, and semiconductor fabs where metal ductwork would corrode. Plastic HVAC components offer corrosion resistance, light weight, and lower installation costs. Industry
Laboratory / Research
Laboratory and research environments use engineered plastics for chemical fume hoods, wet benches, drip trays, tank liners, and equipment housings that must resist aggressive chemicals, maintain cleanliness, and meet specific electrical or thermal requirements. PP, PVDF, PTFE, and PEEK are the most commonly specified lab plastics. Industry
Marine
Boats, docks, and marina applications requiring UV-stabilized, saltwater-resistant, non-absorbent materials. Key products: HDPE marine board (King StarBoard), marine-grade polycarbonate, UHMW dock fenders. Featured
Medical / Healthcare
Medical devices, surgical instruments, and implants requiring biocompatible (USP Class VI, ISO 10993) and sterilizable materials. Gamma-stable, autoclavable, and antimicrobial grades. Industry
Mining
Wear liners, chute linings, conveyor components, and guides in abrasive environments. UHMW is the dominant material for mining wear parts due to extreme abrasion resistance. Featured
Nuclear Nuclear Power / Nuclear Industry
The nuclear industry requires plastics that withstand radiation exposure while maintaining structural integrity. Radiation-stabilized grades of UHMW, polyimide, PEEK, and phenolics are used for shielding windows, cable insulation, seals, bearings, and decontamination equipment. Material selection must account for gamma and neutron radiation degradation over the component's intended service life. Industry
Oil and Gas
Downhole, pipeline, and refinery applications requiring extreme chemical resistance (PEEK, PVDF, PTFE), high-temperature capability, and compliance with NACE standards. Industry
Packaging
The packaging industry is the largest consumer of plastics globally, using PE, PP, PET, PS, and PVC for films, bottles, containers, blister packs, and protective packaging. In industrial distribution, packaging-grade plastics include thermoformable sheets for custom trays, anti-static packaging for electronics, and FDA-compliant materials for food contact. Industry
Pharmaceuticals
Cleanroom environments, process piping, and containment requiring FDA-compliant, USP Class VI, and gamma-radiation-stable materials. Plastic-Craft actively targets this sector. Featured
Pulp and Paper
The pulp and paper industry is a major consumer of UHMW and HDPE wear parts for conveyor systems, guide rails, doctor blades, suction box covers, and wire/felt guide components. These plastics replace metals in wet, abrasive environments where corrosion and wear are constant challenges. Self-lubricating and FDA-compliant grades are commonly required. Industry
Rail / Mass Transit
Rail and mass transit applications require plastics that meet stringent fire, smoke, and toxicity (FST) standards including EN 45545, BSS 7239, and ASTM E162/E662. Approved materials are used for interior panels, seat components, window glazing, electrical insulation, and structural brackets throughout passenger rail vehicles. Industry
Renewable Energy / Solar
The renewable energy sector uses engineered plastics for solar panel encapsulants (EVA), backsheets, junction box housings, wind turbine blade components, battery cell separators, and inverter enclosures. Materials must withstand decades of UV exposure, temperature cycling, and moisture while maintaining electrical insulation and structural integrity. Industry
Retail / POP Displays
Point-of-purchase displays, candy bins, brochure holders, and custom retail fixtures. Uses acrylic, polycarbonate, and PETG fabricated to custom designs. Featured
Robotics / Automation
Robotics and automation use lightweight, low-friction engineering plastics for end-effectors, grippers, guide rails, bearing surfaces, sensor housings, and cable carriers. Key material choices include acetal for gears, UHMW for slides, nylon for wear components, and PEEK for high-load bearing applications. Plastics reduce robot arm weight, improving speed and energy efficiency. Industry
Semiconductor
Microchip fabrication requiring ultra-clean, ESD-safe, FM 4910-rated materials. Demands extreme purity, low outgassing, and chemical resistance to aggressive process chemicals. Industry
Signage and Graphics
Sign fabrication, POP displays, and visual merchandising. Uses acrylic, expanded PVC, ACM (aluminum composite material), digital-print substrates, and engravable plastics. Featured
Stage / Film / TV
Lightweight, fire-retardant plastics for set construction, props, and scenic elements. Acrylic, expanded PVC, and polycarbonate in custom colors and finishes. A unique niche for Plastic-Craft. Plastic-Craft
Telecommunications
Telecommunications relies on engineered plastics for antenna radomes, fiber optic components, cable management systems, 5G infrastructure housings, and circuit board substrates. Key material requirements include low dielectric constant, low dissipation factor, UV stability for outdoor installations, and flame retardancy for indoor telecom rooms. Industry
Water and Waste Management
Chemical-resistant tanks, filtration housings, valve components, and piping for water treatment plants. Uses PVC, CPVC, polypropylene, and PVDF. Featured
11

Common Applications

End-use products and components commonly manufactured from industrial plastics. These applications span every sector from semiconductor to food processing.

ACM Panel Aluminum Composite Material
A flat panel consisting of two thin aluminum sheets bonded to a polyethylene or fire-rated mineral core. Used for architectural cladding, signage, and interior design. Brands include Dibond, e-panel, KOMAALU. Industry
Aisle Containment
Plastic panel systems installed in data centers to separate hot and cold air aisles, improving cooling efficiency and reducing energy costs. Made from clear polycarbonate or acrylic panels. Industry
Bearing / Bushing
A cylindrical component that supports a rotating shaft while minimizing friction. Plastic bearings (acetal, nylon, PTFE, PEEK) offer self-lubrication, corrosion resistance, and lighter weight vs. metal bearings. Industry
Bullet-Resistant Glazing
Thick laminated polycarbonate or acrylic panels designed to stop projectiles. Rated by UL 752 levels (1 through 8+). Used in banks, government buildings, convenience stores, and security vehicles. Featured
Candy Bin / Gravity Bin
Acrylic dispensing containers used in bulk candy, nuts, and coffee retail displays. Available in stacking, straight-faced, angled, and mini configurations. A specialty application within the foodservice and retail plastics market. Industry
Chain Guide Chain Wear Strip
Chain guides are low-friction plastic strips (typically UHMW or nylon) that support and guide roller chains in conveyor systems, bottling lines, and material handling equipment. They reduce chain wear, noise, and energy consumption while eliminating the need for messy lubrication.
Channel Letters
Three-dimensional illuminated sign letters used on building facades. Fabricated from acrylic (face), aluminum (return/sidewall), and polycarbonate or acrylic (back). A staple product for sign-industry customers of plastics distributors. Industry
Chute Liner
UHMW polyethylene sheet installed as a replaceable lining inside hoppers, chutes, and bins to prevent material sticking and reduce wear on the metal structure. Used in mining, agriculture, and bulk material handling. Featured
CIP / SIP Clean-In-Place / Sanitize-In-Place
Automated cleaning and sanitization systems used in food and pharmaceutical processing. Materials used in CIP/SIP environments must withstand repeated exposure to hot caustic chemicals and sanitizers without degradation. Plastic-Craft
Conveyor Components
Guide rails, wear strips, star wheels, sprockets, and rollers made from UHMW, nylon, or acetal. Used in food processing, packaging, and material handling lines. Industry
Conveyor Guide Rail
Conveyor guide rails are UHMW or acetal profiles mounted along conveyor systems to guide products smoothly through production lines. Their low coefficient of friction prevents product scuffing, and their self-lubricating properties eliminate the need for grease or oil that could contaminate products in food and pharmaceutical environments. Plastic-Craft
Dock Bumper Dock Fender
Dock bumpers are thick pads of resilient plastic (UHMW, recycled PE, or rubber) mounted on loading dock faces to absorb impact from truck trailers during docking. UHMW dock bumpers offer superior abrasion resistance and weather durability compared to traditional rubber bumpers.
Drip Tray Containment Tray
Drip trays are shallow fabricated plastic containers designed to catch leaks, spills, or condensation beneath equipment, tanks, or piping. Welded from PP, HDPE, or PVC sheet, they provide secondary containment required by environmental regulations for chemical storage areas.
Electrical Enclosure Junction Box / Control Panel Housing
Electrical enclosures house and protect electrical and electronic components from environmental hazards, unauthorized access, and electromagnetic interference. Plastic enclosures (polycarbonate, ABS, fiberglass/FRP) offer inherent electrical insulation, corrosion resistance, and light weight compared to metal enclosures. They are rated per NEMA and IP classification systems. Industry
Electrical Insulator
Electrical insulators are components made from dielectric plastics that prevent current flow between conductors. Applications range from standoff insulators and terminal blocks to transformer barriers and switchgear housings. Common materials include GPO-3, G-10/FR-4, phenolics, and high-performance polyimides for high-voltage and high-temperature applications. Industry
Finite Element Analysis FEA
Computer-aided engineering simulation that predicts how a plastic part will respond to stress, vibration, heat, and other physical forces. Used during design to optimize part geometry and material selection before manufacturing. Industry
Food Processing Equipment
Food processing equipment fabricated from FDA-compliant plastics (UHMW, HDPE, nylon, acetal, polycarbonate) includes cutting boards, guide rails, conveyor components, hopper liners, packaging machine parts, and splash guards. These materials are chosen for their cleanability, chemical resistance to sanitizers, and compliance with FDA 21 CFR, USDA, and 3-A standards. Plastic-Craft
Fume Hood
Fume hoods are ventilated enclosures fabricated from chemical-resistant plastics — typically polypropylene — that protect laboratory and industrial workers from hazardous chemical vapors, fumes, and dust. All-plastic fume hoods offer superior corrosion resistance compared to metal alternatives and can be welded to create seamless, leak-tight construction. Industry
Gasket / Seal
A flat or shaped component placed between two surfaces to create a leak-proof joint. Plastic gaskets (PTFE, UHMW, rubber) are used where chemical resistance or FDA compliance is needed. Industry
Hopper Liner
Hopper liners are UHMW sheets bolted to the interior walls of hoppers, bins, and silos to promote material flow, prevent bridging and rat-holing, and protect the metal structure from abrasive wear. UHMW's extremely low coefficient of friction allows bulk materials (grain, coal, gravel, powders) to slide freely rather than adhering to surfaces — dramatically reducing downtime and maintenance. Plastic-Craft
Insert Molding / Over Molding
Injection molding techniques where plastic is molded around or over a pre-placed component (metal insert, another plastic part). Creates integrated assemblies that combine the properties of multiple materials in a single part. Industry
Light Diffuser
A translucent panel that scatters light to reduce glare and provide even illumination. Made from specially formulated acrylic or polycarbonate. Used in LED light panels, drop ceilings, and architectural lighting. Featured
Machine Guard
Transparent safety enclosure or shield installed around machinery to protect operators from moving parts and flying debris while maintaining visibility. Typically polycarbonate (impact) or acrylic (clarity). Featured
Manifold
A manifold is a machined plastic block with internal channels that distributes or collects fluid from multiple ports. Plastic manifolds are CNC-machined from PVDF, PP, PEEK, or acetal for chemical processing, semiconductor, medical, and analytical instrument applications. They replace metal manifolds where corrosion resistance, chemical purity, or weight reduction is required. Industry
Metal-to-Plastic Conversion
The engineering practice of replacing metal components with high-performance plastic equivalents to reduce weight, eliminate corrosion, lower costs, and improve performance. A core value proposition in specialty plastics distribution, often justifying premium material pricing through total cost-of-ownership savings. Industry
Mold Flow Analysis MFA
Computer simulation of how molten plastic will fill an injection mold cavity. Predicts fill patterns, pressure requirements, weld lines, and potential defects before tooling is cut. A value-added engineering service offered by advanced fabricators. Industry
Pipe and Piping Systems
Plastic piping systems are used throughout chemical processing, water treatment, plumbing, semiconductor, and industrial applications. Major piping materials include PVC and CPVC (general purpose), PP (chemical resistance, weldability), PVDF (high purity, aggressive chemicals), and PE (water/gas distribution). Plastic piping eliminates corrosion, reduces weight, and provides smoother flow than metal alternatives. Industry
Plastic Gears
Plastic gears are precision-machined or injection-molded components that offer advantages over metal gears: self-lubrication (no grease needed), quieter operation, lighter weight, corrosion resistance, and the ability to run without lubrication in food, medical, and cleanroom environments. Common gear materials include acetal (best all-around), nylon (highest load capacity), and PEEK (highest temperature and load). Featured
Plastic Rollers Conveyor Rollers / Guide Rollers
Plastic rollers are cylindrical components machined from UHMW, nylon, acetal, or HDPE used in conveyor systems, material handling equipment, and guide mechanisms. Plastic rollers offer self-lubrication, corrosion resistance, noise reduction, and lighter weight than steel rollers. They are especially valued in food processing and cleanroom environments where metal contamination and lubrication are prohibited. Plastic-Craft
Plastic Signage
Plastic signage encompasses channel-letters" class="term-link">channel letters, illuminated signs, directory boards, wayfinding systems, ADA-compliant signs, and architectural lettering fabricated from acrylic, polycarbonate, expanded PVC (Sintra), aluminum composite (ACM), and engraving stock (Rowmark). Plastics dominate the sign industry due to their formability, light transmission, weather resistance, and range of colors and finishes.
Plastic Tank Chemical Storage Tank / Plating Tank
Plastic tanks are fabricated or rotationally molded vessels used for chemical storage, plating, etching, mixing, and water treatment. Materials include HDPE and cross-linked PE for general chemical storage, PP for high-temperature acids, PVDF for ultra-pure and aggressive chemicals, and PVC for cost-effective ambient storage. Plastic tanks offer inherent corrosion resistance that eliminates the need for exotic metal alloys. Industry
Point-of-Purchase Display POP Display
Custom-fabricated marketing fixtures placed at or near the point of sale to attract attention and promote products. Typically made from acrylic, PETG, or polycarbonate. A Plastic-Craft specialty. Featured
Pump Component Impeller / Volute / Wear Ring
Pump components including impellers, volutes, wear rings, and shaft sleeves are increasingly machined from engineering plastics like PVDF, PP, PEEK, and UHMW to resist chemical corrosion, reduce weight, and eliminate galvanic corrosion issues. Plastic pump components are standard in chemical processing, water treatment, and semiconductor manufacturing. Industry
Radome Radar Dome / Antenna Cover
A radome is a weatherproof enclosure that protects radar or antenna equipment while allowing radio frequency signals to pass through with minimal interference. Radomes are fabricated from RF-transparent materials — typically fiberglass composites, PTFE, quartz composites, or specialty low-Dk thermoplastics. Applications range from aircraft nose cones to ground-based telecom towers to marine navigation systems. Industry
Scrubber Fume Scrubber
Scrubbers are air pollution control devices fabricated from chemical-resistant plastics (PP, PVC, PVDF, FRP) that remove hazardous gases and particulates from industrial exhaust streams. Plastic construction provides inherent corrosion resistance and is typically lighter and less expensive than stainless steel or exotic metal alternatives. Industry
Sight Glass Sight Window
A sight glass is a transparent window installed in tanks, vessels, or piping to allow visual inspection of fluid levels, flow, or process conditions. Materials include tempered borosilicate glass for high-temperature applications and clear plastics (polycarbonate, acrylic, PSU) where impact resistance, weight reduction, or chemical compatibility is required.
Skylight Roof Glazing
Skylights made from acrylic or polycarbonate offer shatter resistance, light weight, UV filtering, and thermal insulation superior to glass. Single-layer, double-wall, and multi-wall options are available. Acrylic provides better clarity while polycarbonate offers higher impact resistance — making material choice application-dependent.
Sneeze Guard Food Shield
A transparent protective barrier placed over food serving areas to prevent contamination from coughs and sneezes. Made from acrylic or polycarbonate. Required by health codes in commercial food service. Fabricated by Plastic-Craft. Plastic-Craft
Sound Barrier Acoustic Panel / Noise Wall
Sound barriers fabricated from dense plastic sheet (polycarbonate, acrylic, or clear PVC) reduce noise transmission in industrial facilities, highway installations, and building construction. Clear plastic sound barriers offer the advantage of maintaining visibility and light transmission while providing acoustic isolation.
Spacer Standoff / Washer / Shim
Spacers, standoffs, and washers are simple machined or stamped plastic components used to maintain precise gaps, insulate between conductors, distribute loads, and prevent galvanic corrosion between dissimilar metals in assemblies. Common materials include nylon (general purpose), PTFE (chemical resistance, low friction), and G-10 (structural, insulating).
Splash Guard
Splash guards are fabricated plastic barriers that protect workers, equipment, or products from liquid splashes, coolant spray, or debris in machining, food processing, and industrial environments. Common materials include clear polycarbonate (for visibility) and opaque HDPE or PVC (for chemical resistance).
Tank Lining
Tank lining involves bonding sheets of chemical-resistant plastic (HDPE, PP, PVDF, PFA, ECTFE) to the interior surfaces of steel or concrete tanks to protect them from corrosive chemicals. Plastic linings are welded at seams to create a continuous, impermeable barrier. This is far less expensive than fabricating an entire tank from exotic alloys. Industry
Transaction Window
Bullet-resistant glazing assembly installed at service counters (banks, pharmacies, gas stations). Includes pass-through components like deal trays, package passers, and speak-thru devices. Made from laminated polycarbonate. Industry
Valve Seat
Valve seats are precision-machined plastic components that form the sealing surface inside valves. Materials include PTFE (excellent chemical resistance, wide temperature range), PEEK (high pressure and temperature), and nylon (cost-effective for moderate conditions). Plastic valve seats offer inherent corrosion resistance and eliminate galling that can occur with metal-to-metal seats. Industry
Wafer Handling
Specialized fixtures, carriers, and process tools used in semiconductor fabrication. Made from ESD-safe, ultra-clean materials (PEEK, PVDF, Semitron) that will not contaminate silicon wafers. Industry
Wear Plate Liner Plate
Wear plates are sheets of abrasion-resistant plastic (typically UHMW) bolted or adhesive-mounted to metal surfaces in hoppers, chutes, bunkers, truck beds, and conveyor systems to reduce friction and prevent wear from bulk material flow. UHMW wear plates dramatically reduce material hang-up and noise while extending equipment life. Plastic-Craft
Wear Strip / Wear Pad
A replaceable strip of wear-resistant plastic (UHMW, acetal, nylon) mounted on equipment surfaces subject to sliding contact. Protects expensive metal structures from abrasion damage. Industry
Wet Bench Chemical Processing Station
A wet bench is a workstation fabricated from chemical-resistant plastics (PP, PVDF, PVC) used in semiconductor fabs and laboratories for chemical etching, cleaning, and rinsing processes. Wet benches include chemical-resistant tanks, drains, fume exhaust, and DI water systems integrated into a single unit. Industry
Window Glazing Safety Glazing
Window glazing in polycarbonate or acrylic replaces glass in applications requiring impact resistance, security, or weight reduction. Polycarbonate glazing is 250× stronger than glass, making it the standard for bullet-resistant windows, machine guards, and institutional facilities. Acrylic offers better optical clarity and UV resistance for architectural glazing. Plastic-Craft
12

Material Modifiers and Grades

When ordering plastics, modifiers and grade designations tell you exactly what variant you are getting. These terms describe material fills, reinforcements, and special properties that tailor a base polymer for specific applications.

Antimicrobial
Material containing agents (typically silver ions) that inhibit growth of bacteria, mold, and fungi on the surface. Used in medical, food service, and public-facing applications. Brand example: AMGARD. Industry
Bearing Grade
A material formulation optimized for bearing and sliding applications with low friction, good wear resistance, and high PV limits. May contain PTFE, graphite, carbon fiber, or other lubricating fillers.
Carbon-Filled
Reinforced with carbon fibers for maximum strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness. Also improves wear resistance and thermal conductivity. Common in PEEK (30% CF is a standard grade).
Cast Cast Grade
Cast grades are produced by pouring liquid monomer or resin into a mold and polymerizing in place (for nylons) or allowing it to cure between glass plates (for acrylics). Casting produces stock shapes with higher molecular weight, better mechanical properties, lower internal stress, and superior machinability compared to extruded grades. Cast nylon and cast acrylic are premium alternatives to their extruded counterparts. Featured
Conductive Electrically Conductive
Conductive plastics contain carbon black, carbon fiber, stainless steel fiber, or metal-coated fillers that lower volume resistivity below 10⁵ ohm-cm. Truly conductive plastics can carry electrical current and provide EMI shielding. They are used for ESD-safe material handling, EMI enclosures, fuel system components, and grounding applications. Industry
Extrusion Grade
Extrusion-grade plastics are resin formulations optimized for the extrusion process — they have specific melt viscosity, die swell, and thermal stability characteristics that produce consistent, high-quality extruded profiles, sheets, films, and tubes. Extrusion grades differ from injection molding grades in their flow properties and molecular weight distribution.
FDA Grade Food Grade
Material formulated with only FDA-compliant ingredients per 21 CFR. Suitable for direct food contact. Does not contain harmful additives, colorants, or processing aids.
Fiber-Reinforced Aramid-Filled / Kevlar-Filled
Fiber-reinforced plastics contain aramid (Kevlar), glass, or carbon fibers that dramatically increase strength, stiffness, and impact resistance. Aramid fibers provide the best impact toughness and vibration dampening. Different fiber types, lengths, and orientations produce distinct performance characteristics — chopped fibers improve general properties while continuous fibers maximize directional strength.
Food Grade Food-Contact Grade
Food-grade plastics are formulated with FDA-compliant ingredients and manufactured under controls that ensure they are safe for direct food contact per FDA 21 CFR. Not all versions of a given plastic are food-grade — the specific resin, colorants, and additives must all be FDA-listed. Common food-grade plastics include UHMW, HDPE, acetal, nylon, polycarbonate, and PP. Featured
Gamma Stabilized
Material that maintains its properties after gamma radiation sterilization. Standard polycarbonate yellows and embrittles under gamma; stabilized grades (ZELUX GS) resist these effects. Critical for medical device packaging. Industry
Glass-Filled
A plastic reinforced with glass fibers (typically 10-40% by weight). Increases strength, stiffness, and heat resistance while reducing thermal expansion. Available in nylon, PEEK, polycarbonate, and other resins.
Halogen-Free
Halogen-free plastics are formulated without chlorine, bromine, fluorine, or iodine-based additives — particularly halogenated flame retardants. When burned, halogenated materials produce toxic, corrosive gases. Halogen-free alternatives use phosphorus, nitrogen, or mineral-based flame retardant systems. Increasingly required by electronics industry standards (IEC 61249-2-21) and European regulations. Industry
Impact-Modified
Impact-modified plastics contain rubber or elastomeric additives that absorb energy and prevent brittle fracture. Common impact modifiers include core-shell particles, EPDM rubber, and thermoplastic elastomers. Impact modification dramatically improves a material's toughness at the expense of some stiffness and heat resistance.
Lubricated Internally Lubricated
Lubricated plastics contain internal lubricants (PTFE, MoS₂, graphite, silicone, or oil) that reduce surface friction and wear without external lubrication. These self-lubricating materials are ideal for bearings, bushings, gears, and slides in food processing, medical, and cleanroom environments where external lubricants are prohibited. Featured
Machining Grade Machinable Grade
Machining-grade plastics are stock shapes (rod, sheet, plate) specifically manufactured for CNC machining. They are produced by casting, compression molding, or ram extrusion to minimize internal stresses, voids, and porosity that cause warping or tool breakage during machining. Machining grades are held to tighter dimensional tolerances and better surface finish than extrusion or molding grades. Plastic-Craft
Medical Grade
Materials manufactured under controlled conditions with full lot traceability, biocompatibility testing (USP Class VI or ISO 10993), and documented quality systems (ISO 13485).
Metal-Detectable
Plastic containing metallic additives that allow fragments to be detected by standard metal detectors in food processing lines. A food safety feature that prevents contamination from broken plastic parts. Industry
Mineral-Filled
Mineral-filled plastics contain inorganic fillers like talc, calcium carbonate, mica, or wollastonite that improve stiffness, heat deflection temperature, dimensional stability, and surface finish while reducing cost. Mineral fillers are common in commodity and engineering plastics for automotive, appliance, and structural applications.
MoS2-Filled Molybdenum Disulfide
Filled with molybdenum disulfide for reduced friction and improved wear. Gives nylon a characteristic dark gray color. Brand name: Nylatron GSM.
Oil-Filled Oil-Impregnated
Oil-filled plastics — primarily cast nylons — contain lubricating oil distributed throughout the material matrix. The oil migrates to bearing surfaces during operation, providing continuous self-lubrication without external grease or oil. Oil-filled nylon is ideal for bearings, bushings, and wear pads in applications where external lubrication is impractical, prohibited, or would contaminate the product.
PTFE-Filled
Blended with PTFE particles to reduce friction and improve self-lubrication. Common in acetal (Delrin AF) and nylon. Used for bearings and sliding components.
Radiation-Stabilized
Radiation-stabilized plastics are formulated to resist degradation from gamma radiation, electron-beam (e-beam), or UV exposure. Standard plastics can become brittle, discolored, or lose strength when irradiated. Radiation-stabilized grades are essential for medical devices that require gamma sterilization and for nuclear industry applications. Industry
Recycled Content Post-Consumer Recycled / PCR / Post-Industrial Recycled / PIR
Recycled-content plastics contain material recovered from post-consumer waste (PCR) or post-industrial scrap (PIR). Incorporating recycled content reduces environmental impact and may qualify for LEED credits, corporate sustainability targets, and customer procurement requirements. Common recycled plastics include HDPE, PET, PP, and PC, though recycled engineering plastics are increasingly available. Industry
Static Dissipative Grade ESD-Safe Grade
Static dissipative grades are plastic formulations engineered to have surface resistivity between 10⁶ and 10⁹ ohms/square, allowing electrostatic charges to drain to ground in a controlled manner without sparking. They are used in semiconductor handling fixtures, electronics packaging, cleanroom equipment, and explosive environments where uncontrolled discharge could cause damage or ignition. Industry
Thermally Conductive
Thermally conductive plastics contain specialized fillers (boron nitride, aluminum oxide, graphite, aluminum nitride) that increase heat transfer capability while maintaining electrical insulation. These materials replace metals in LED heat sinks, battery pack components, and electronics housings where thermal management and electrical isolation are both required. Industry
UV Stabilized
Material containing UV-absorbing additives to prevent yellowing, embrittlement, and degradation from sunlight exposure. Essential for outdoor applications. Featured
Virgin
Virgin plastic is resin that has never been previously processed, recycled, or reground. It offers the highest and most consistent mechanical properties, the purest chemical composition, and full lot traceability. Virgin material is typically required for medical devices, food-contact applications, aerospace components, and any specification where material purity is critical.
Wear-Resistant Grade
Wear-resistant grades are modified with fillers and additives optimized for abrasion and sliding wear performance. Common approaches include adding PTFE for surface lubricity, MoS₂ for dry-film lubrication, carbon fiber for hardness, or proprietary wear compounds. These grades extend component life in bearings, bushings, wear pads, and conveyor systems.
X-Ray Detectable
Plastic containing additives visible on X-ray inspection systems. Similar safety purpose to metal-detectable but works with X-ray systems used in pharmaceutical and food packaging inspection. Industry
13

Distribution and Service Terms

The plastics distribution industry has its own set of business terms covering how materials are ordered, delivered, stocked, and serviced. Whether you are a first-time buyer or a seasoned procurement professional, these terms help you navigate the ordering process.

Barcoding Services
Custom barcode labeling applied to materials for customer inventory management and traceability. A value-added service that simplifies receiving, warehousing, and quality tracking for high-volume buyers. Industry
Blanket Order
A standing purchase agreement for a fixed quantity of material to be delivered in scheduled releases over a set period. Locks in pricing and ensures material availability. Industry
Consignment Inventory
Consignment inventory is a supply chain arrangement where the distributor places stock at the customer's facility but retains ownership until the material is consumed. The customer only pays for material as they use it, reducing their working capital requirements. Consignment programs require strong trust, accurate tracking systems, and clear contractual terms.
Custom Fabrication
Custom fabrication refers to value-added processing services that go beyond simple cut-to-size, including machining" class="term-link">CNC machining, thermoforming, bending, welding, assembly, finishing, and printing. Rather than buying raw plastic and fabricating it yourself, a custom fabricator like Plastic-Craft can deliver finished or near-finished parts ready for installation or assembly — all from a single source. Plastic-Craft operates a 33,000 sq ft fabrication facility. Featured
Drop Shipping
Drop shipping is a fulfillment method where a plastics distributor ships material directly to the end user on behalf of another distributor or OEM. The selling company never physically handles the material — the fulfilling distributor manages inventory, cutting, and shipping. This model extends geographic reach and reduces freight costs.
E-Commerce Online Ordering
E-commerce platforms allow customers to browse inventory, get instant pricing, specify cut-to-size dimensions, and place orders 24/7 through a web interface. Modern plastics e-commerce sites integrate real-time inventory, automated quoting for standard cuts, material data sheets, and account-specific pricing.
Emergency / Hot Rush
Emergency or hot-rush orders are expedited requests where a distributor prioritizes cutting, fabrication, and shipping to meet an urgent customer deadline — often within hours. This service requires maintained inventory, flexible production scheduling, and premium freight options. It is one of the most valued distributor capabilities for maintenance and repair applications. Plastic-Craft
Just-in-Time Delivery JIT
Just-in-time delivery is a logistics strategy where materials are delivered to the customer exactly when needed in the production process, minimizing inventory holding costs and warehouse space requirements. Plastics distributors supporting JIT programs must maintain safety stock, offer rapid cut-to-size services, and provide reliable, predictable delivery schedules. Plastic-Craft
Kanban
A lean-manufacturing inventory replenishment system using visual signals (cards, bins) to trigger reorders. Distributors offer kanban programs to maintain consistent supply of high-usage materials. Industry
Kitting
Kitting is a value-added service where a distributor pre-cuts, organizes, and packages multiple plastic components or material pieces into a single kit matched to a specific production order or assembly. Kitting reduces the customer's receiving, sorting, and handling time and ensures complete material sets for each production run. Plastic-Craft
Lot Traceability
Lot traceability is the ability to track a specific batch of material from the original resin manufacturer through distribution to the final customer. Full lot traceability requires documenting lot numbers, heat numbers, or batch codes at every transfer point. It is essential for aerospace (AS9100), medical (ISO 13485), and defense (ITAR) supply chains. Industry
Material Certificate Mill Certificate / Material Test Report
A material certificate (also called a mill cert or material test report) documents the specific properties, composition, and test results for a batch of plastic material. It provides traceability from resin manufacturer through distributor to end user. Material certificates are required in aerospace, defense, medical, and other regulated industries.
Material Traceability Lot Traceability
The ability to track a specific piece of material back to its original manufacturing lot, including raw material source, production date, and test data. Required in aerospace, medical, and defense supply chains. Industry
National Accounts
A program for multi-location customers where a single pricing agreement and point of contact covers all facilities nationwide. Streamlines procurement for businesses with plants, offices, or job sites across multiple states. Industry
Plastics Distributor
A plastics distributor is a company that stocks and sells industrial plastic materials in standard forms — sheets, rods, tubes, and films — purchasing from resin manufacturers and selling to fabricators, OEMs, engineers, and end users. Unlike big-box retailers, plastics distributors offer a full range of engineering and high-performance grades, along with technical support and value-added services like cut-to-size, machining" class="term-link">CNC machining, and thermoforming. Plastic-Craft has been a plastics distributor and fabricator since 1934. Featured
Prototype Support
Prototype support includes rapid material sourcing, small-quantity sales (including offcuts and remnants), quick-turn cutting and machining, and technical consultation to help engineers and designers create proof-of-concept parts. Distributors who support prototyping often earn the production business when the design moves to full-scale manufacturing. Plastic-Craft
RFQ Request for Quote
An RFQ (Request for Quote) is a formal inquiry from a buyer to a supplier asking for pricing, availability, and lead time on specific materials and quantities. In plastics distribution, RFQs typically specify material type, grade, dimensions, quantity, certifications required, and delivery location. Responding quickly and accurately to RFQs is a core competency of any plastics distributor.
Safety Data Sheet SDS / MSDS
A Safety Data Sheet (SDS, formerly MSDS) is a legally required document that describes a material's hazards, safe handling procedures, storage requirements, first aid measures, and disposal considerations. Under OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard and the Globally Harmonized System (GHS), suppliers must provide SDS documents for all chemical products, including plastic resins and stock shapes.
Same-Day Shipping
Orders placed before a cutoff time (typically 2–3 PM local time) ship the same business day. A critical service for time-sensitive projects where material delays can halt production lines or job sites. Industry
Sample Request
A sample request is a customer inquiry for a small piece of material for testing, prototyping, or approval purposes. Many distributors offer free or low-cost material samples to support engineering evaluation. Providing samples is a standard industry practice that helps customers verify material properties, color, and machinability before committing to a production order.
Stocking Program Dedicated Inventory
A stocking program is an agreement where a distributor maintains dedicated inventory of specific materials, sizes, and grades for a particular customer. Material is reserved and available for immediate shipment. Stocking programs ensure material availability for critical applications and reduce lead time risk for the customer. Plastic-Craft
Technical Data Sheet TDS / Material Data Sheet
A technical data sheet (TDS) is a document provided by the material manufacturer that lists a plastic's key mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, and physical properties along with test methods used. TDS data enables engineers to compare materials and verify that a plastic meets their application requirements. Every serious material selection starts with reviewing the TDS.
Technical Support Material Selection Assistance
Technical support from a plastics distributor includes material selection guidance, property data comparison, application engineering, fabrication advice, and failure analysis assistance. Expert distributors add value by helping engineers choose the right material for their application — preventing costly mistakes before they happen. Plastic-Craft
Tolerance Machining Tolerance / Cutting Tolerance
Tolerance is the allowable deviation from a specified dimension. Stock plastic shapes have standard mill tolerances (e.g., ±0.010" for sheet thickness). Precision machining can hold tolerances of ±0.001" to ±0.0005" depending on the material. Understanding tolerances is essential for specifying material and fabrication requirements — tighter tolerances increase cost and lead time. Plastic-Craft
VMI Vendor-Managed Inventory
An arrangement where the distributor monitors and replenishes the customer's inventory automatically. Reduces stockouts and administrative burden for high-volume repeat buyers. Industry
Waterjet Services
Waterjet cutting services use a high-pressure stream of water mixed with abrasive garnet to cut virtually any plastic material without heat-affected zones. Waterjet produces clean edges, handles thick materials (up to 6"+), and cuts complex shapes from a DXF or CAD file. Many distributors offer in-house waterjet as a value-added fabrication service. Plastic-Craft
Will-Call
Customer pickup at the distributor's warehouse location, bypassing shipping. Allows same-day material acquisition for urgent projects. Industry
14

Frequently Asked Comparisons and Searches

Common questions and comparisons that buyers, engineers, and project managers ask when sourcing plastic materials. If you have one of these questions, you are in the right place.

ABS vs. Polycarbonate
ABS is easier to process, lower cost, and more chemically resistant. Polycarbonate offers dramatically higher impact strength (10–20× greater), better transparency, and higher heat resistance. PC/ABS blends offer a middle ground. Choose ABS for cost-sensitive housings and parts not requiring high impact strength. Choose polycarbonate for safety glazing, machine guards, outdoor enclosures, and anywhere impact resistance is critical.
Acrylic vs. Polycarbonate
Acrylic and polycarbonate are the two most popular clear plastics, but they serve different purposes. Acrylic offers superior optical clarity (92% light transmission vs. ~88% for polycarbonate) and better scratch resistance, making it ideal for displays and signage. Polycarbonate is virtually unbreakable — 250 times stronger than glass — making it the go-to for machine guards, safety shields, and bullet-resistant glazing. In short: choose acrylic for looks, polycarbonate for toughness. Featured
Best Plastic for Bearings
The best plastic for bearings depends on the application conditions. For general-purpose bearings: acetal (low friction, easy to machine). For heavy loads: nylon (higher strength, better wear). For high temperatures and chemicals: PEEK with carbon/PTFE fill. For extreme chemical resistance: PTFE-based composites (Rulon, Fluorosint). For food contact: FDA-grade acetal or UHMW. Always check the material's PV limit against your bearing's pressure × velocity requirements. Featured
Best Plastic for Outdoor Signs
The best plastics for outdoor signs are: acrylic (best clarity, UV resistance, and weather resistance — the industry standard), aluminum composite panel/ACM (rigid, flat, lightweight), expanded PVC/Sintra (lightweight, easy to fabricate, for short-term outdoor use), polycarbonate (impact-resistant for vandal-prone locations), and HDPE (playground signs, trail markers — indestructible). For illuminated signs, acrylic provides the best light transmission and color vibrancy.
Bullet-Resistant Plastic
Bullet-resistant plastic is typically multi-layer laminated polycarbonate or polycarbonate/acrylic glazing rated to UL 752 standards. Ratings range from Level 1 (small-caliber handgun) to Level 8+ (rifle rounds). Used in banks, government buildings, convenience stores, pharmacies, and security vehicles. When specifying bullet-resistant glazing, always match the UL 752 level to the specific threat assessment for your facility. Featured
Cast vs. Extruded Acrylic
Cast acrylic is produced by pouring liquid monomer into a mold and polymerizing it, yielding superior optical clarity, better chemical resistance, easier polishing, and lower internal stress. Extruded acrylic is formed by pushing pellets through a die, making it more consistent in thickness and lower in cost but slightly inferior optically. Choose cast for high-end displays and optical uses; choose extruded for general glazing and fabrication.
Chemical Resistance Chart
A chemical resistance chart is a reference tool that shows how different plastics react when exposed to specific chemicals, solvents, acids, and bases. Engineers and procurement teams use these charts to select the right plastic for environments where chemical exposure is a concern — such as chemical processing plants, laboratories, and semiconductor fabs. Look for ratings like "Excellent," "Good," "Fair," and "Not Recommended" for each chemical-material combination. Featured
Delrin vs. Nylon
Delrin (acetal homopolymer) offers lower friction, near-zero moisture absorption, better dimensional stability, and superior machinability. Nylon offers higher impact strength, better wear resistance under heavy loads, and higher temperature capability. The key differentiator: Delrin holds tight tolerances in humid environments because it absorbs almost no water, while nylon can swell 1–2% from moisture — changing dimensions and reducing stiffness. Featured
FDA Compliant Plastic
FDA-compliant plastic refers to materials whose raw formulations meet FDA regulations (21 CFR) for food contact. This is an important distinction: "FDA compliant" means the material itself is approved — not that a specific finished part has been tested by the FDA. Common FDA-compliant plastics include HDPE, UHMW, acetal, polypropylene, nylon, and PTFE. Always request a Certificate of Compliance (C of C) when ordering materials for food-contact applications. Featured
Food Safe Plastic What Plastics are Food Safe
Food-safe plastics are formulations that comply with FDA 21 CFR regulations for direct food contact. The most commonly used FDA-compliant plastics are: UHMW (conveyor components, cutting boards), HDPE (cutting boards, tanks), polypropylene (containers, tanks), acetal (gears, conveyors), nylon (gears, rollers), and polycarbonate (food storage containers). Important: not all grades of these materials are FDA-compliant — the specific resin, colorants, and additives must all be FDA-listed. Featured
G-10 vs. FR-4
G-10 and FR-4 are both glass-epoxy laminates with nearly identical mechanical properties. The key difference: FR-4 contains a brominated flame-retardant additive that makes it self-extinguishing (UL 94 V-0 rated), while standard G-10 does not. For electrical and structural applications where fire resistance is required, always specify FR-4. Where flammability is not a concern, G-10 and FR-4 are interchangeable.
HDPE vs. UHMW
Both HDPE and UHMW are polyethylenes, but they differ significantly in performance. HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) is a cost-effective, chemical-resistant material used for cutting boards, tanks, and general-purpose applications. UHMW (Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) has far superior abrasion resistance and impact strength, making it the preferred choice for conveyor components, wear strips, and chute liners in heavy-duty industrial environments. UHMW costs more but lasts significantly longer in high-wear applications. Featured
Laser-Cutter Acrylic (Glowforge)
Cast acrylic sheet is the preferred material for desktop laser cutters like Glowforge, Epilog, and Full Spectrum. Cast acrylic produces cleaner, flame-polished edges when laser-cut, with less melting and fewer fumes compared to extruded acrylic. Available in a wide range of colors, thicknesses, and specialty finishes (fluorescent, mirrored, frosted). If you are laser cutting, always specify cast — not extruded — acrylic. Featured
Lexan vs. Plexiglass
Lexan (polycarbonate) is 250× stronger than glass and virtually unbreakable, but scratches more easily, yellows over time, and costs more. Plexiglass (acrylic) offers superior optical clarity (92% light transmission), better scratch resistance, and better UV/weather resistance, but shatters on extreme impact. Choose Lexan for security glazing, machine guards, and vandal-resistant applications. Choose Plexiglass for signage, displays, skylights, and anywhere clarity and weatherability matter most. Featured
Nylon vs. Acetal
Nylon offers higher impact strength, better wear resistance, and higher load capacity, but absorbs moisture (up to 8%) which causes swelling and reduced stiffness. Acetal absorbs almost no moisture (<0.2%), maintains tight tolerances in humid environments, and has lower friction. Choose nylon for high-load structural parts; choose acetal for precision parts requiring dimensional stability. Featured
PEEK vs. Torlon
PEEK offers excellent chemical resistance, lower moisture absorption, and easier machinability. Torlon (PAI) provides higher continuous service temperature (275°C vs 250°C), higher strength, and better creep resistance, but absorbs more moisture and is more difficult to machine. Choose PEEK for chemical environments; choose Torlon for maximum mechanical performance at extreme temperatures. Featured
Plastic Distributor Near Me
A plastics distributor is a supplier that stocks sheets, rods, tubes, and films of industrial plastic materials and provides value-added services like cut-to-size, machining" class="term-link">CNC machining, and thermoforming. Working with a local distributor gives you access to same-day pickup (will-call), faster shipping, and hands-on technical advice for material selection. Plastic-Craft has served customers from its West Nyack, NY facility since 1934. Featured
Plastic Material Selection Guide
A plastic material selection guide is an educational resource that helps engineers, designers, and buyers compare plastic materials by their mechanical properties, thermal limits, chemical resistance, and typical applications. Selection guides are especially valuable early in the design process when multiple materials could work and the right choice depends on the specific operating environment, regulatory requirements, and budget. Featured
Plastic Sheet Cut to Size
Cut-to-size service means a plastics distributor will cut standard sheet stock to your exact dimensions before shipping, saving you time and waste. Most distributors, including Plastic-Craft, offer precision cutting on materials like acrylic, polycarbonate, HDPE, nylon, and more. Simply provide your material, thickness, and dimensions for a custom-cut piece ready to use or fabricate. Featured
Polycarbonate vs. Glass
Polycarbonate is 250 times more impact resistant than glass, half the weight, and can be cold-formed or thermoformed. Glass offers better scratch resistance, higher optical clarity, and chemical resistance to solvents. Choose polycarbonate for safety glazing, machine guards, and vandal-resistant applications; choose glass for optical, chemical, and high-temperature applications. Featured
Polypropylene vs. HDPE
PP offers higher stiffness, better fatigue resistance (living hinges), higher temperature resistance, and lower density than HDPE. HDPE offers better impact resistance (especially at low temperatures), superior chemical resistance to stress cracking, and lower cost. Choose PP for chemical tanks, hinged containers, and higher-temperature applications; choose HDPE for tanks, liners, and outdoor applications.
PTFE vs. PEEK
PTFE offers the lowest friction, broadest chemical resistance, and highest continuous service temperature of any thermoplastic, but has very low strength, high creep, and is not melt-processable. PEEK provides dramatically better strength, stiffness, wear resistance, and machinability with good (but not universal) chemical resistance. Choose PTFE for seals and linings in harsh chemical environments; choose PEEK for structural parts at elevated temperatures. Featured
PVC vs. CPVC
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is cost-effective with good chemical resistance but limited to about 60°C (140°F) continuous service. CPVC (chlorinated PVC) adds extra chlorine to the polymer chain, raising its heat resistance to about 100°C (210°F) while maintaining similar chemical resistance. Choose PVC for cold water and drain systems; choose CPVC for hot water and industrial process piping.
Strongest Plastic What is the Strongest Plastic
The strongest plastic depends on how you define strength. By tensile strength: PBI (Celazole) at 26,000 psi and PAI (Torlon) at 21,000 psi lead all thermoplastics. By impact strength: polycarbonate is virtually unbreakable. By strength-to-weight ratio: carbon-fiber-filled PEEK rivals aluminum. By overall structural performance at high temperatures: PEEK and Torlon dominate. For most engineering applications, glass-filled nylon offers the best balance of strength, toughness, and cost. Featured
Thermoset vs. Thermoplastic
Thermoplastics can be melted and reshaped repeatedly — they are recyclable and can be welded. Thermosets undergo irreversible chemical crosslinking during curing and cannot be remelted. Thermosets generally offer higher heat resistance, chemical resistance, and dimensional stability. Common thermosets include phenolics, epoxies, and polyimides; common thermoplastics include nylon, PEEK, and polycarbonate. Featured
UHMW vs. Nylon
UHMW offers lower friction, better abrasion resistance, superior chemical resistance, and zero moisture absorption. Nylon provides higher strength, stiffness, and load-bearing capacity. Choose UHMW for slides, wear strips, chute liners, and food-contact surfaces; choose nylon for gears, bearings, and structural components that must support loads. Featured
What is UHMW Plastic
UHMW (Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) is a tough, slippery, abrasion-resistant thermoplastic with a molecular weight 10–20× higher than standard HDPE. This extremely long polymer chain gives UHMW the highest abrasion resistance, lowest coefficient of friction, and best impact strength of any thermoplastic. It is used for conveyor components, chute liners, wear strips, cutting boards, dock bumpers, and marine applications. UHMW is FDA-compliant, self-lubricating, and virtually maintenance-free. Featured
What Plastic Can Withstand High Heat
The highest-temperature thermoplastics and their continuous service temperatures are: PBI/Celazole (310°C/590°F), PAI/Torlon (275°C/527°F), Polyimide/Vespel (260°C/500°F), PEEK (250°C/482°F), PEI/Ultem (170°C/338°F), PPSU/Radel (180°C/356°F), and PPS/Techtron (220°C/428°F). For thermosets, polyimide and phenolic can operate continuously above 260°C. Material choice depends on temperature, load, chemical environment, and cost. Featured
What Plastic is Best for Outdoor Use
The best plastics for outdoor use are ASA (best overall UV/weather resistance), acrylic (best clarity, excellent UV resistance), HDPE (best chemical and moisture resistance), polycarbonate (best impact resistance, needs UV coating), and fluoropolymers (broadest weather resistance). Key factors include UV stability, moisture resistance, thermal cycling tolerance, and color retention. Avoid unmodified nylon, ABS, and polystyrene outdoors. Featured
When to Use PVDF vs. PTFE
PVDF offers much better mechanical strength, stiffness, and abrasion resistance than PTFE, plus it can be welded and thermoformed. PTFE offers broader chemical resistance (including to strong bases that attack PVDF), lower friction, wider temperature range, and FDA compliance. Choose PVDF for structural piping, tank linings, and wet bench construction; choose PTFE for seals, gaskets, and extreme chemical environments.
Where to Buy Plexiglass Locally
Plexiglass (a brand name for acrylic sheet) is available from plastics distributors who stock standard 4'x8' sheets and can cut to your exact dimensions. Unlike big-box stores that carry limited sizes, a plastics distributor like Plastic-Craft offers the full range of thicknesses (from thin film to 4"+ slabs), colors, and specialty grades — plus same-day cut-to-size service. Featured
15

Business and Industry Terms

Foundational concepts that shape the plastics industry — from material classifications (thermoplastic vs. thermoset) to emerging trends like sustainability and reshoring. Understanding these terms provides the big-picture context for material selection and procurement decisions.

Amorphous vs. Semi-Crystalline
Amorphous plastics (polycarbonate, acrylic, PEI, PSU, ABS) have a random molecular structure — they are typically transparent, isotropic, and soften gradually when heated. Semi-crystalline plastics (nylon, acetal, PEEK, HDPE, PP) have ordered molecular regions — they are typically opaque, have a sharp melting point, and offer better chemical resistance and fatigue life. This is the most fundamental classification in polymer science and affects virtually every property and processing decision. Featured
Approved Manufacturer List AML / Approved Vendor List
An approved manufacturer list (AML) or approved vendor list (AVL) is a documented list of resin manufacturers and distributors that have been qualified and approved to supply materials for a specific application or customer. Getting on an AML typically requires quality audits, sample testing, and demonstration of traceability and documentation capabilities. Industry
Commodity Plastics
The most common and lowest-cost plastics: polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC, and polystyrene. High volume, low price, general-purpose applications.
Composite
A material made by combining two or more materials to achieve properties not possible with either alone. In plastics, typically refers to fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) using glass or carbon fiber in a resin matrix. Industry
Copolymer vs. Homopolymer
A homopolymer is made from a single type of monomer, producing a uniform molecular structure. A copolymer is made from two or more different monomers, which can be arranged in alternating, random, block, or graft configurations. The distinction matters most for acetal (homopolymer = Delrin, higher strength; copolymer = Celcon/Hostaform, better chemical resistance) and polypropylene (homopolymer = stiffer; copolymer = tougher). Featured
Design for Manufacturability DFM
Design for manufacturability (DFM) is the practice of designing parts so they can be efficiently produced from the chosen material and process. For machined plastic parts, DFM considerations include minimum wall thickness, corner radii, draft angles, tolerance achievability, stress concentration avoidance, and material anisotropy (directional properties in extruded stock).
Engineering Plastics
Engineering plastics are a class of polymers with superior mechanical strength, heat resistance, and dimensional stability compared to commodity plastics like polyethylene and polypropylene. The category includes nylon, acetal, polycarbonate, PET, and polysulfone. They bridge the performance gap between low-cost commodity plastics and premium high-performance polymers like PEEK and PEI, making them the workhorses of precision machined parts, structural components, and demanding industrial applications. Featured
Fluoropolymer
A family of plastics containing fluorine atoms (PTFE, FEP, PFA, PVDF, ETFE, ECTFE, PCTFE). Known for extreme chemical resistance, non-stick properties, and wide temperature ranges. Used in the most demanding chemical and semiconductor environments. Industry
Gauge
Gauge is an older thickness measurement system still widely used for plastic films and thin sheets. Higher gauge numbers mean thicker material (opposite of wire gauge). Common conversions: 100 gauge = 1 mil = 0.001 inch. A 200-gauge shrink film is 2 mils (0.002") thick. While mil and micrometer measurements are gradually replacing gauge in specifications, gauge remains common in packaging and film industries.
High-Performance Plastics
The premium tier of plastics offering the highest temperature resistance, chemical resistance, and mechanical strength. Includes PEEK, PEI, PAI, PPS, PBI, and polyimide. Typically 10-100x the cost of commodity plastics. Featured
Laminate
A layered material made by bonding sheets of reinforcement (paper, canvas, glass fabric) with a resin (phenolic, epoxy). Examples: G-10/FR-4 (glass/epoxy), Micarta, LE (linen/phenolic), CE (canvas/phenolic). Industry
Lead Time
Lead time is the total elapsed time from placing an order to receiving the material. For stock items from a distributor, lead time may be same-day to 3 days. For specialty materials, custom colors, or large quantities requiring mill production, lead time can extend to 6–16 weeks. Communicating realistic lead times prevents project delays.
Material Substitution
Material substitution is the process of replacing one material with another — typically upgrading from metal to plastic, or from a commodity plastic to an engineering or high-performance grade. Successful substitution requires understanding the application's mechanical, thermal, chemical, and regulatory requirements and validating that the new material meets or exceeds all of them.
Mil Thickness Mils
A mil is a unit of measurement equal to one-thousandth of an inch (0.001"). It is the standard unit for measuring the thickness of plastic films, thin sheets, coatings, and tapes. For example, a standard trash bag is 0.9–1.5 mil, while a heavy-duty vapor barrier is 6–20 mil. Do not confuse "mil" (0.001 inch) with "millimeter" (mm) — they are very different units.
MOQ Minimum Order Quantity
MOQ is the smallest quantity of material a supplier will sell in a single order. For plastics distribution, MOQs vary widely — cut-to-size pieces may have no minimum, while specialty resins or custom colors may require purchasing a full production run. Understanding MOQs is essential for managing material costs and inventory.
MRO Maintenance, Repair, and Operations
MRO refers to the materials and supplies consumed in maintaining and operating a facility — as opposed to materials that go into the finished product. In plastics distribution, MRO orders are typically small quantities of replacement wear parts, bearing stock, sheet for guards and liners, and repair materials needed urgently to keep production running. MRO customers value same-day availability and fast turnaround over price.
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
An OEM is a company that manufactures finished products incorporating components sourced from suppliers. In the plastics industry, OEMs are the primary customers for machined plastic parts, custom fabrications, and specified stock shapes. OEM relationships typically involve approved material specifications, quality documentation, blanket orders, and JIT delivery requirements.
Onshoring Reshoring
The trend of bringing manufacturing back to the United States from overseas. Creates growing demand for domestic plastic material supply chains, local fabrication capabilities, and U.S.-based distributors with short lead times and made-in-America inventory. Industry
Outgassing
The release of gas from a material in a vacuum or low-pressure environment. Critical in semiconductor and space applications where even trace gases can contaminate processes or optics. Low-outgassing materials are specified for these environments. Industry
Plasticizer
A plasticizer is a chemical additive that increases flexibility, workability, and elongation of a plastic — most importantly PVC. Rigid PVC (used in pipe and sheet) contains no plasticizer, while flexible PVC (used in tubing, cable jacketing, and film) may contain 20–50% plasticizer by weight. Phthalate plasticizers have faced regulatory scrutiny, driving adoption of non-phthalate alternatives in medical, food, and children's product applications. Industry
Price per Pound $/lb
Price per pound is the standard pricing unit for bulk plastic materials. Commodity plastics range from $0.50–$2.00/lb, engineering plastics from $2–$15/lb, and high-performance plastics from $25–$500+/lb. However, the true cost of a finished part depends on material yield, machining time, and waste — not just the per-pound price.
Reshoring
Reshoring is the practice of moving manufacturing and sourcing back to domestic locations from overseas. Driven by supply chain disruptions, quality concerns, tariffs, and total cost analysis, reshoring has increased demand for domestic plastics distribution and fabrication capabilities. Many OEMs now prioritize U.S.-based supply chains for critical applications. Industry
Specification Writing Material Specification
Specification writing is the process of formally documenting the material requirements for a procurement — including base resin, grade, fillers, certifications, tolerances, testing requirements, and approved manufacturers. A well-written specification ensures that purchasing teams source the correct material and that suppliers can quote accurately. Ambiguous specifications are a leading cause of quality problems.
Supply Chain Resilience
Supply chain resilience is the ability to maintain material availability despite disruptions including resin shortages, transportation delays, supplier failures, and geopolitical events. Strategies include multi-sourcing, safety stock programs, domestic sourcing, and partnerships with distributors who maintain deep inventory across multiple warehouses. Industry
Sustainability / Recycling
Environmental responsibility in plastics distribution. Includes recycled material offerings (recycled acrylic, recycled HDPE), take-back programs, and sustainability certifications like EcoVadis. An increasingly important factor in procurement decisions, especially for companies with ESG reporting requirements. Industry
Thermoplastic
A thermoplastic is a type of plastic that softens when heated and hardens when cooled — and can be reheated and reshaped multiple times without losing its properties. This makes thermoplastics ideal for machining, thermoforming, and recycling. The vast majority of distributed plastics are thermoplastics, including acrylic, polycarbonate, nylon, PEEK, PTFE, PVC, and polyethylene. Featured
Thermoset
A thermoset is a plastic that permanently hardens during curing (a chemical reaction) and cannot be re-melted or reshaped once set — unlike thermoplastics. This irreversible curing gives thermosets exceptional heat resistance and dimensional stability. Common thermosets include phenolic laminates (like G-10/FR-4), epoxies, and silicones. They are used where heat resistance and structural rigidity are more important than recyclability.
Tooling Molds / Dies / Fixtures
Tooling refers to the molds, dies, fixtures, and jigs required to manufacture plastic parts. Injection mold tooling can cost $5,000–$500,000+ depending on complexity, cavitation, and material. Thermoforming molds are less expensive ($500–$50,000). machining" class="term-link">CNC machining requires no part-specific tooling (just standard cutters), which is why it dominates low-to-medium volume production and prototyping.
Total Cost of Ownership TCO
Total cost of ownership considers all costs associated with a material choice over the full life of the application — including material price, machining cost, assembly time, maintenance, replacement frequency, downtime, and disposal. A more expensive material (like PEEK replacing steel) often delivers lower TCO through longer service life, lighter weight, and reduced maintenance. Featured
Value-Added Distribution VAD
Value-added distribution goes beyond simply stocking and shipping material. VADs offer services including cut-to-size, machining" class="term-link">CNC machining, thermoforming, welding, kitting, printing, assembly, material testing, technical support, and inventory management. These services reduce the customer's total supply chain cost and consolidate multiple vendor relationships into one. Plastic-Craft
Yield Material Yield
Material yield is the percentage of purchased material that ends up in the finished part. Machining from rod stock may yield only 20–40% (60–80% becomes chips), while thermoforming from sheet may yield 60–80%. Maximizing yield — through nesting, near-net-shape blanks, and process optimization — directly reduces material cost per part.
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